Assignment title: Information
Proposal: SMEs in Australia (Victoria) Our findings show that the configuration of basic and globalization-specific factors with respect to business success is dynamic: in times of crises globalization-specific factors have no significant impact while basic factors have dominant role. In times of post-crises recovery both factors seem to be equally important for SME performance. Vladimirov, Simeonova-Ganeva, and Ganev, K (2013), Unlike the large companies, who typically have other options of raising funds, including obtaining credit from public debt markets, the small businesses can think of only banks as the potential source of credit at affordable rates. When banks' doors remain closed for them, there is no other option left for them but to either borrow from informal lenders at exorbitant rates, or abandon the dream to grow altogether. (Bhattacharya, 2013) Credit deprivation of SMEs is primarily caused by the fact that banks find it difficult to access reliable information on the firms for risk evaluation. Though the opacity problem with respect to information flow and its impact on credit pricing and delivery are being discussed in the theoretical literature for a long-time (e.g., Stiglitz and Weiss, 1981), globally the small business credit research is still skewed towards more 'exotic' types of finance that are mostly irrelevant for an ordinary resource-starved small firm (Bygrave, 2007). Large firms have a significant employment share; the small mature firms have the largest share of employment in developing economies. On job creation, the US evidence suggests that small mature firms have net job losses whereas in developing countries we find that small mature firms have the largest share of job creation. Moreover, in countries that have had net job losses in the economy as a whole, it is only the small firms, especially small mature firms that have net job gains (Ayyagari, Demirgu-Kunt, and Maksimovic 2011). The findings reconfirm that the route to a sustained role for small and medium enterprises in job creation requires improving the credibility of reforms, the effectiveness of policies, and equitable enforcement. Although one size fits all is infeasible for Arab countries, it is important to design policies across sectors to create productive employment and promote economic growth. Supporting innovation and enhancing access to finance are central to the development agenda for small and medium enterprises. And creating an enabling environment and setting up accountable institutions are key to ensure equal opportunity and inclusive growth (Nasr and Rostom, 2013). The Qur'an (Koran), the Muslims' Holy Book, explicitly deals with economic-related matters and how they apply in Islam. The Sharia'h, this being the Islamic law of human conduct, is derived from the Qur'an. The Sharia'h prohibits what is called "Riba" (i.e. payment over and above what has been lent –which causes the payment of interest or usury to be a wrong). What the Sharia'h does not prohibit is profit acquired from a trading activity, the reasoning behind this positive stance being that there is a risk of loss involved in any trading activity. With Riba, in theory, there is no risk of loss. For example, with a conventional fixed-term deposit, all a depositor has to do is wait until the maturity date of the deposit comes along and, if the mandate that he or she gave to the bank was for the repayment of capital and interest, that is what the depositor will get back (in essence, placing monies in a traditional fixed term deposit involves no risk). Because of Riba, Islamic banks have had to develop financial products which are not in conflict with the Sharia'h. This has resulted in traditional deposit and lending products, which are made available by what can be called "conventional" banks, being restyled so as to satisfy the Sharia'h. The task has been achieved by creating a number of special financial products (Ali and Ali, 1994). With each of these products, the parties (i.e. the depositors and the borrowers) can be considered as operating in a partnership to which a risk is attached. Both will receive a rate of return which is based on performance – rather than pay interest or receive interest at a pre-determined rate. The four types of product are briefly described below. (Gerrard, and Cunningham 1997). Muslims are less aware about Islamic banking (Gerrard, and Cunningham 1997). Research Questions: 1. What is the contributions of SMEs in Australian economy in terms of both income and employment generation? 2. What are the main sources of SMEs financing in Victoria? 3. What is the role and status of non-bank community based financing among Migrants and other Australians SMEs in Australia (Victoria)? 4. What are the key obstacles faced by SME entrepreneurs in Australia (Victoria)? Research design: This study is conducted on the SMEs located within Victoria, Australia. Literature Review: At list 50 literatures to be reviewed MUST: Methodology of each Literature must be mentioned clearly No word limit