For this lab, each student will submit a 3-page double-spaced assignment explaining their answers to the questions written below. This 3-page limit does not include Tables 1 and 2. Please label your answers according to the question number. You do not need to include the text from the questions in your assignment. You also do not need to include references for this assignment. However, your answers must be written in your own words. This assignment is worth 5% of your final grade in BIOL 2P97. 1. A) Define the term anatomic dead space. What structures make up the anatomic dead space? What effect does the anatomic dead space have on the delivery of oxygen to the alveoli during inspiration? Explain. B) Calculate the total pulmonary ventilation and the alveolar ventilation of a patient that has a respiratory rate of 14 breaths per minute, a tidal volume of 600 mL and an anatomic dead space of 200 mL. Show your calculations and make sure to include appropriate units with your answer. If this patient went snorkeling and the snorkel held 100 mL of air, how would their total pulmonary ventilation and alveolar ventilation change? 2. A) Emphysema is a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that is characterized by progressive destruction of alveoli. What effect does alveolar destruction have on the diffusion of gases between inspired air and the blood? Why? B) During emphysema, the elastic connective tissue surrounding the alveoli is also destroyed. What aspect of ventilation would the destruction of elastic connective tissue primarily affect? Why? Describe how FEV1, vital capacity and residual volume change during emphysema. C) Describe how emphysema can lead to air trapping in the lungs. What effect does this have on alveolar ventilation and blood oxygen levels? 3. Provide completed versions of Tables 1 and 2, including table titles and table captions. Explain how you determined the subject's lung volumes and flow rates. What do the different lung volumes represent? Assuming the subject has a residual volume of 1200 mL, calculate their total lung capacity and their functional residual capacity. Show your calculations and explain the equations that you used