AERO2517: Advanced Aircraft Structural Analysis Assignment: PC-9 Wing Analysis Due date: Week 12, Friday 14/10/2016 Group assignment: Up to 2 students per group The report for this assignment is expected to be of a high technical quality commensurate of a professional engineer. Marks will be deducted for unlabelled sketches or graphs, missing units, hand written or drawn sections, or lack of clarity in answers. Submission instructions: Save your technical report as a pdf file. The name of the file should reflect your group number. Upload the report file as well as Abaqus CAE file using links provided on Blackboard (go to Assessment Tasks  Finite Element Assignment) Aim: The aim of the assignment is to determine the deflections and stresses in a loaded Pilatus PC/9 wing using finite element computational modelling. The aircraft wing can be simplified using appropriate beam-plate representations. You must decide how to represent the wing to provide meaningful results. This is a major focus of the assignment and much detail and explanation is expected for all choices in your numerical calculations. Required tasks: 1. Simplify the wing for your FE Model. You will need to create a plan for your FE model, to ensure there are sufficient nodes and elements in locations for applying forces and boundary conditions (BCs) and for extracting result data. Detail your plan in your report and explain the choices you will make before beginning the FE model. 2. Create FE model. Explain your decisions for loads, BCs, element types, mesh size, materials properties, and etc. 3. Analyse the FE Model, using linear static analysis. 4. Show the overall wing deformation and stress distribution, noting maximum values and their locations. 5. Plot the shear stress distribution around the cross-section perimeter at the skin panel just inboard of the applied load. 6. Plot the beam stress distribution along the z-coordinate for the spar caps at the top of the wing. 7. Compare your findings with the experimental measurements and discuss possible error sources.Background Information Pilatus PC-9 is a single-engine, low-wing tandem-seat turboprop training aircraft manufactured by Pilatus Aircraft of Switzerland. The Royal Australian Air Force's use Pilatus PC-9/A two-seat singleengine turboprop aircraft as the principal basic training aircraft of the Australian Defence Force (ADF). The PC-9 is best known to the public as the aircraft flown by the Air Force Roulettes in aerobatic displays at major events throughout Australia. The structure of the wing is shown in Fig. 1-3. Note that ribs are equally spaced. Fig. 1: PC-9 wing structure Dimension of rib at wing root Rib 1 Rib 18Dimension of rib at wing tip Fig. 2: Cross-sectional dimensions of the PC-9 wing Fig3: Geometry of the stringersExperimental Setup: In order to analyse the behaviour of the wing, an experimental study was conducted. The experimental set up consists of a purpose built test rig for the Pilatus PC-9 wing, as illustrated in Fig. 4. Two hydraulic actuators (equipped with a load cell), located at 2/3 span, was used to apply displacement while the wing root is clamped to the test bench, as shown in Fig. 4. Strain gauges were used to record the applied strain at the root of the wing. Fig. 4: Hydraulic Actuators at 2/3 Span Clamped Wing Root Experimental results: Actuator Displacement (mm) Force at leading edge (kN) Force at wing aft (kN) Displacement at wing tip (mm) 0.2 0.99 0.37 0 20 2.53 1.84 39 40 4.10 3.44 67 60 5.97 5.11 96 Displacement allocation for groups*: G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 G13 G14 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 * Displacements are in mm.Report Format All reports should be organized in such a way that each contains the following sections: Executive Summary, Introduction, Engineering Analysis, Discussion, Conclusions, References and Appendices. "Executive summary" is a concise synopsis of the report, highlighting the main points discussed in the report for management audiences (Executive summary is different from abstract which expected to target a technical audience). The "Introduction" of the report identifies the problem, objectives, and the assumptions used in the report. Also it is included a brief description of your results from phase 1. The "Engineering Analysis" presents the force and stress analysis of your bridge and shows F.S for each member. The "Discussion" consists of several main sections, including comments on the force and F.S. distribution among truss members. The "Conclusions" section summarizes the report and work completed and assesses how well the report meets the objectives presented in the "Introduction." This section also gives a future perspective for how the next phase of the project will be in the future. Referencing is very important in engineering and failure to reference the work of others may bring discredit to the authors. Use references in the following cases:  To credit the ideas, measurements, computations, or writings of others  To credit the wording of others  To back up assertions in your writing  To credit the illustrative concepts, art, or photography of others You do not have to reference common knowledge. Once you have given a reference listing in the text of the report, you need to give a full reference citation at the end of the document in "References". Use APA or IEEE (be consistent!) to cite and present references in the report. Use appendices for presenting information that are too detailed to be placed into the report's text or tangential information that does not directly concern the report's objectives. For each appendix, you need to title the appendix, place a heading on each table, place a caption beneath each figure, and insert comments necessary for reader understanding. Table 1: Report style Font Type Times New Roman Font Size Mani Body: 11, Headings: 16, Bold Sub-headings: 14, Bold, Sub-sub-headings: 12, Italic Page size A4 Page Margins 25.4 mm (1 inch) from each side Line Spacing Single Paragraphing Line-skip between paragraphs Pagination Centered bottom page numbers Figures Captions for figures: centered below the figure Arabic numerals to number figures Tables Titles for tables: centered above the table References Use APA or IEEE Max. page number 20 (excluding appendices)Rubrics Writing criteria: Writing Dimensions / Weight Poor (1-3 points) Good (4-7 points) Excellent (8-10 points) Structure (20%) Paragraphs are poorly organised; use of sections is illogical and hinders document navigation Paragraphs are usually well-organized; use of sections is logical and generally allows easy navigation of the document All paragraphs are well-organized; use of sections is logical and allows easy navigation through the document Graphics (20%) Graphical documents, sketches, diagrams are of poor quality and fail to support the text Graphical documents, sketches, diagrams, etc. are of good quality and adequately support the text All graphical documents, sketches, diagrams, etc. are creative, professional and strongly support the text Figures, Tables, and Equations (15%) Figures, tables and equations are not clearly or logically identified and fail to support the text Some figures, tables and equations are clearly and logically identified and adequately support the text All figures, tables and equations are clearly and logically identified and strongly support the text Formatting (15%) Document is formatted poorly and lacks a quality cover page and index Formatting of the document is generally consistent and adequate, and includes a good quality cover page and index Formatting of the document is professional and includes a professional cover page and index Mechanics (15%) Sentences are poorly written; there are numerous incorrect word choices and errors in grammar, punctuation and spelling Sentences are generally well-written; there are a few incorrect word choices and errors in grammar, punctuation and spelling Sentences are wellwritten; there are no incorrect word choices and the text is free of errors in grammar, punctuation and spelling Documentation and References (15%) Fails to correctly document any sources or to utilise appropriate citation forms Most sources are correctly documented; appropriate citation forms are generally utilised All sources are correctly and thoroughly documented; appropriate citation forms are utilized throughoutTechnical / Content criteria: Technical Dimensions / Weights Poor (1-3 points) Good (4-7 points) Excellent (8-10 points) Overview (10%) Fails to provide an overview and define the scope of the work Provides an adequate overview and general explanation on the scope of the work Provides a thorough overview and thoroughly defines the scope of the work Reliable Data / Credible Sources (15%) Data not reliable and fails to provide reference to source of data Adequately describes selection of data and provides a general explanation on source of data Provides in-depth explanations on data selection and credible sources with clear and complete references Design Constraints and assumptions (15%) Fails to discuss design constraints and alternatives; provides no justification for assumptions Adequately explains and justifies the design constraints, design alternatives and assumptions used In-depth explanations and justifications are provided on design constraints, alternatives and assumptions used Theoretical explanations (30%) Fails to adequately cover theoretical explanations Adequately addresses theoretical explanations Demonstrates in-depth research and analysis Design Criteria, Sample Calculations (30%) Fails to provide appropriate design methodology, relevant sample calculations Demonstrates adequate level of design criteria and relevant sample calculations and appropriate simulations Provides in-depth explanations on design criteria, thoroughly discusses all required calculation steps and uses simulations where necessary