Question The PEST analysis Q 2. Critically analyse how the approaches to management impact on the worker in each organisation/department. 600words Give example on specific department 3. Compare and contrast the structure and culture of both organisations and explain how both impact on their business performance. 600words 4. Identify and analyse the motivational theories you believe management at each of your chosen organisations adopt and evaluate the effectiveness of both in motivating the workforce. 600 words use Maslow Hierarchy of needs and Glass Ceiling give example of women leader Conclusion I need 12 references with Harvard. EasyJet Airlines Company is one of the most successful low-cost airlines in UK. It offers only short-haul direct trips. It is founded by Sir Stelios Haji-loannu, a graduate of London Business School, In1995 with $7.5 million borrowed from his father, a Greek shipping tycoon. EasyJet's network covers 600 routes and 133 airports in 30 countries also having over 196 aircrafts by 2010. Nowadays, the company employs almost 1400 people; the headquarters of it is located in Luton, UK. It group reported an attributable profit of £581 million in 2014 and total revenue of £4,527 million (EasyJet plc, 2014).

Cathay Pacific is an international airline registered and based in Hong Kong, offering scheduled passenger and cargo services to 188 destinations in 47 countries and territories such as Australia, United States, India, Belgium, Canada, Turkey, South Africa and United kingdom… It group employs more than 32,200 people worldwide. More than 24,800 of these people are based in Hong Kong. Cathay Pacific it self employs more than 22,000 people worldwide. Dragon air employs almost 3,200 people. It group reported an attributable profit of HK$ 347 million for the first six months of 2014 and turnover of HK$ 840 (Cathay Pacific, 2014).

Macro environment has a great impact on aviation industry. The PEST analysis is a model of the external environment factors where each category may have an effect on the airline industry and helps to analyse both of Cathay Pacific and Easyjet markets and their opportunities. The Macro environment consists of Political, Economic, Social, Technological and Environmental factors. Starting with political, one of the external factors that have big effects on the operation of both airlines companies is government regulation. Because both operate worldwide, they are greatly affected by different policies. The companies continuously evaluate the political environment and prepare themselves for any possible problems and issues concerning the political sector. Economic factors also affect the companies. Cathay Pacific and EasyJet were greatly affected by the exchange rate and cutback in commodity trading. Over the past years, Hong Kong experienced economic growth as well as other Asian countries. The growth of other Asian economies pushed Cathay Pacific to expend its operations. Internally the company is doing well. It constantly assesses the economies of the countries where it operates as economy affects the decision-making process and buyer behaviour of the customers. However, UK has a slow economic growth, because of the high price of oil which increase the inflation. Socially, both companies make sure that the public will accept the service they offer and the technology they use to tender their services. Cathay Pacific and EasyJet make sure that they have a very good relationship with different sectors in society. Both companies also put a lot of effort into customer satisfaction to evolve a better customer relationship. Technologically, Cathay Pacific and EasyJet have offered new technological innovations and introduced new industrial concepts. Since technology rapidly change, companies make sure they are up to date with what is happening and they can adjust to these changes. They provide services which are constantly updated in conjunction with the latest technology standard to tender their services. Environmentally, new regulations affect both companies because they operate globally and new standards influence their business sector. Customer acceptance in sustainable business gets more important which influences Cathay Pacific and EasyJet position in the marked. They provide transparency on information and develop innovation, which improve the sustainable rating. Legally, both companies are influenced by international legislation; however the high-regulated business sectors force the companies ongoing to establish new procedures, which is one of the industry specifications. They make sure that the compliance risks are covered and inherent risks are identified and protected. Thus, the future success of the companies depends upon its internal as well as external analysis.

1. Discuss the approaches to management adopted by Cathay Pacific and EasyJet and justify your choices by explaining the management functions performed in each.

Main Body According to (Assen, Berg, & Pietersma, 2009) Management models are not only tools for professionals and managers but essentially they are a way of communicating. They are designed to resolve common problems and challenges in business. At best they will provide a new way of seeing a situation that will result in positive change.

Human Recource Management (HRM) is one of the important approaches that Cathay Pacific is using. According to (Erasmus & Schenk, 2008) 'HRM is that part of the management of organisations that is concerned with all aspects that relate to, and interplay with, the work and the people who do the work of and in organization'

The people in Cathay Pacific are the major contributors of strategic capability to the company. One of the advantages of Cathay Pacific over its competitors is the quality of service that the staffs provide to its customers. Service has a big impact on the customers' perceptions about the company's product. Because of the importance of its people. Cathay Pacific formulated an employee development strategy through proper and effective training. This strategy is expected to strengthen Cathay Pacific's position in the market place. Employee development can be an essential ingredient of an organization's competitive advantages. Employee development includes all of the education and training that organizations might invest in their employees such as training employees to perform effectively in their current jobs, orienting employees to the workplace, developing them for advanced positions or programs, and building organizational capability for future success. Cathay Pacific promotes a working environment wherein the employees are free to act in both the company's and passengers' best interests (Cathay Pacific, 2014)

There are certain advantages to Cathay Pacific in taking a strategic approach to managing human recources

· It allows Cathay Pacific to gain a competitive advantage over rivals such as Qatar Airways, British Airways, China Airline and Emirates. Because it has a well trained, motivated and planned workforce and human recources policy which make it more efficient than competitors

· HRM aims to provide long-term benefits for the company. Employing part time workers in a crisis may solve a short-term problem. But a planned flexible workforce will give benefits to it over a long period.

· Effective HRM make the most efficient use of workers and reduce the potential costs of the company (my book) However, there are a number of problems a company face when managing its employees

· Planning has to be constantly monitored. It is unwise for a company to plan its human recource need and not alter them in the light of changing events. Planning has to be checked revised and updated as other factors change · Human recources management must be well thought out or it is likely to lead to company problems. Cuts in the workforce or wage reductions that are not negotiated could affect workers motivation and may even lead to work stoppage. (my book) Bleu Ocean Strategy: According to (Assen, Berg, & Pietersma, 2009) 'Bleu Ocean strategy focuses on the creation of new markets at the product development stage, the concept is designed to encourage managers to focus on the creation of uncontested markets'. It is a good strategy for many firms, but for others a fast moving strategy, cost, leadership, differentiation or focus strategy may be far more successful. Bleu Ocean model is a theoretical model that was revelation for many managers. However, the model primary describes what to do (on an abstract level) instead of demonstration how to do it. EasyJet is an airline that suppressed the consumer services typically offered by airline companies either on board or on ground in order to offer incredible prices and create a low cost air travel market in Europe. The company broke the parallel patern and came out in order to create incredible peaks on other values. (Kapferer, 2012)

Scientific Management (SM) is a classical approach to management – is originated around the beginning of the 20th century. It was based on an idea of systemization, standardization and simplification of work process. In other words, it aims at increasing the labor productivity. SM was developed by many management theorists such as Henry Gantt and Frank Golbert but the biggest contributor is Frederick W.Taylor (Midgley, 2000).

In real-life, the applications of SM are widely applied but varied largely due to the differences in business contexts of different firms. At first glance, it seems there is no actual correlation between the low-cost strategy EasyJet used and the theory developed by Taylor, but this strategy is actually an innovative application of scientific management. One of the four principles of SM is planning scientific work methods that suit the organizational objectives. The founder, Sir Stelios, wanted to build an airline that offered customers as cheap fares as possible. The low-cost strategy fits his idea the most among alternatives. SM focuses on the efficiency and so does the low-cost strategy. Low-cost comes from two driving principles – "sweating" the assets and high operating efficiency. EasyJet makes sure its planes are as full as possible and flying as much as possible. EasyJet flies its Boeing 737 for 11 hours per day, four hours longer than British Airways. Their pilots fly over 900 hours per year, 50% more than British Airways pilots. In terms of operating efficiency, EasyJet lets their aircrafts fly out of low cost airports. These are normally not the major airport serving any destinations and can be some distance from them. Also, the aircrafts are tightly scheduled. They are allowed only 25 minutes to off-load one set of passengers and load another, less than half the time of its schedule full-fare rivals. They must leave and arrive on time, and if there are delays they can have knock-on consequences for the timetable. EasyJet has fewer cabin crews than full-fare rivals. This cabin crew also carries out the cleaning duties on the aircraft. Moreover, the ticketless policy helps EasyJet to eliminate as much waste as possible. It can be seen that these principles are very much similar to the time-and-motion study about a series of working actions which aims to make workers complete tasks with the fastest time. EasyJet studied the best methods which let they achieve the maximum efficiency in operations with minimum energy and resources for the purpose of being low cost.

With the distinctive operations, EasyJet also provides unique job descriptions and specific training system for its staffs. In 2009, EasyJet became only the second UK airline to be granted approval for managing their in-house pilot training. During this year, their pilots undertook 15,000 hours of simulator training with the prime focus on practicing realistic scenarios. Thanks to this the pilots are enable to become more familiar with new airports, which are continually added to the network. EasyJet also has a training course for their cabin crew so that they could deliver excellent customer services. They are the evidences of how much effort EasyJet put into creating an effective training system for their works, a practice of job description introduced by Taylor.

2. Critically analyse how the approaches to management impact on the worker in each organisation/department. 600words

Give example on specific department

3. Compare and contrast the structure and culture of both organisations and explain how both impact on their business performance. 600words

4. Identify and analyse the motivational theories you believe management at each of your chosen organisations adopt and evaluate the effectiveness of both in motivating the workforce. 600 words

use Maslow Hierarchy of needs and Glass Ceiling give example of women leader