Glucose can be metabolised through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to produce energy for the body in the form of ATP. a. Calculate the net number of ATP that can be generated from four (4) moles of glucose in the liver. Assume that this is occurring under optimal conditions. Show all workings. (6 marks) (150 words b. Would the same number of ATP be produced if the four molecules of glucose were being metabolised in the muscle tissue? How many ATP would be generated? Please explain. (4 marks) (100 words) Question B:(450 words) Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition in which the levels of glucose in the blood are too high. Blood glucose levels are normally regulated by the hormone insulin, which is made by the β-cells of the pancreas. a. Discuss why a person with diabetes mellitus might have 'fruity' smelling breath. (3 marks) b. If they have elevated blood glucose levels, why is the body not able to use this glucose? (3 marks) (150 words) c. Can a healthy individual produce ketones? Explain your answer. (3 marks) (150 words) Question C: (450 words) The metabolism of protein is influenced by whether the body is in a fed or fasted state. Prolonged fasting will also affect metabolism differently from the short fasting periods between meals. a. What is the typical metabolic fate of protein that has just been consumed? (3 marks) (100 words) b. How does protein metabolism differ during fasting? Discuss how the metabolism of protein changes as fasting becomes more prolonged. (3 marks) (150 words) c. Vegetarians and vegans are often encouraged to combine complementary sources of protein (e.g. legumes and grains) in a meal. Why might this be recommended? (2 marks) (100 words) d. It is now thought that protein combining in one meal is no longer necessary, as long as complementary proteins are consumed at some time throughout the day. Why is this? (2 marks) (100 words) Question D: (350 words) The Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation a. Discuss the importance of the citric acid cycle in macronutrient metabolism. (8 marks) (150 words) b. Why is GTP considered to be the equivalent of ATP? (2 marks) (50 words) c. Explain how one molecule of acetyl CoA entering the citric acid cycle produces 12 molecules of ATP in the liver (please show all workings) (10 marks) (150 words)