1) Erikson's psychosocial theory of development contains ___ stages A. 4 B. 8 C. 6 D. 7 2) Which is the first of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? A. preoperational stage B. sensorimotor stage C. concrete operations stage D. formal operations stage 3) An investigator shows a child two equal glasses of water and then pours the water from one glass into a glass of a different shape. The experimenter then asks the child whether the new glass has more or less water than the other one. What concept is the experimenter testing? A. conservation B. object permanence C. assimilation D. aquanautics 4) Nonspecific brain dysfunction that may erode an individual's capacity to live independently is characteristic of A. Dementia B. Senility C. None of the above D. Inevitable for all humans who age 5) An irregularity or stoppage that disrupts otherwise normal speech is known as A. Spasms B. Disfluency C. Stuttering D. Babbling 6) The ______ genetic combination results in the development of a male fetus. A. YX B. YY C. XY D. XX 7) Dyslexia is least associated with A. Male gender B. Impaired spelling C. Aberrant eye movement patterns D. Female gender 8) According to Erikson, the principle conflict of old-age is A. generativity vs. stagnation B. identify vs. role confusion C. autonomy vs. shame and guilt D. ego integrity vs. despair 9) What skill is necessary in order to know that pouring water from a tall, skinny pitcher into a wide bowl does not change the amount of water that actually is in the containers? A. Object permanence B. Operation C. Conservation D. Accommodation 10) According to Piaget, a child who changes a schema to incorporate the novel features of a new object is said to _____ the schema. A. generalize B. conserve C. reverse D. accommodate 11) Teratogens include (but are not limited to) A. drugs, chemicals, and viruses B. older age in the mother and male gender in the developing organism C. drugs, chemicals, viruses, and behaviors D. drugs, chemicals, and behaviors 12) Which of the following terms is not associated with monozygotic twins A. nonidentical B. fraternal C. two eggs and two sperm D. none of the above are associated with monozygotic twins 13) The second period of prenatal development (about two to nine weeks after conception) is known as A. The embryonic stage B. The fetal stage C. The germinal stage D. The zygotic stage 14) Who most likely exhibits an authoritative parenting style? A. Brett, a cold and distant father who prohibits his son from doing anything fun. B. Sue, who has no idea who her son's friends are and doesn't set any rules. C. Rachel, a "cool" mom who is very affectionate and lets her kids do whatever they want. D. Dan, who enjoys spending time with his daughter but enforces appropriate rules. 15) Erikson's psychosocial theory of development can best be described as A. a process whereby each new stage builds upon the previous one B. a process of distinct stages that have little to do with one another C. a process that ends with adolescence D. a pre-designed plan determined by one's genetics 16) The third period of prenatal development (about 9 weeks until birth) is known as A. The fetal stage B. The embryonic stage C. The germinal stage D. The zygotic stage 17) Who was most strongly associated with the term scaffolding? A. Vygotsky B. Piaget C. Freud D. Erikso 18) Which of Erikson's stages of development is most relevant to adolescence? A. Trust vs. mistrust B. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt C. Identity vs. role confusion D. Intimacy vs. isolation 19) Examples of secondary sex characteristics include all of the following except A. Facial hair in men; hip development in women B. Pubic hair C. Underarm hair D. Spermarche and menarche 20) When Bella was 7 months old she cried every time her mother left the room, fearing that her mom was never coming back. Now, at 19 months of age, Bella rarely fusses when her mother leaves the room; she knows that her mother will probably come back soon to take care of her. What is most likely responsible for this change in Bella's behavior from 7 to 19 months of age? A. Her realization of object permanence B. Her graduation to the formal operational period of cognitive development C. Her graduation to the concrete operational period of cognitive development D. Her graduation to the preoperational period of cognitive development 21) Which of the following terms is not associated with dizygotic twins A. identical B. two eggs and two sperm C. fraternal D. all of the above are associated with dizygotic twins 22) The idea that learning is not passive but involves an attempt to understand the world around them is most firmly associated with the work of A. Piaget B. Erikson C. Freud D. Kohlberg 23) The process of absorbing experiences from one's world around them and translating this experience into a pre-existing schema is known as A. Assimilation B. None of the above C. Accommodation D. Cognition 24) Michelle is an undisciplined selfish mother; she would rather read her books than tend to her children and she doesn't care whether her children are happy. She often feels pressured to take care of them, and she rarely attends their sporting events or PTA meetings. What type of parenting style does Michelle display? A. Authoritative B. Authoritarian C. Permissive D. Uninvolved 25) The first period of prenatal development begins at the moment of conception and lasts for about two weeks, this stage is known as A. The embryonic stage B. The zygotic stage C. The fetal stageD. The germinal stage