Limit 500 words Guidelines for Presentation of Design Choice 1/ Prototype: The prototype model must be a physical, 3-dimensional representation of your proposed design. It does not have to be to scale, or be functional. Most importantly, it should clearly demonstrate the concept of your design – including layout, arrangement, and general construction. You will need to clearly demonstrate and communicate how your design works, simply exhibiting the model without explanation will not be sufficient. Choice 2/ 3D drawing: The detailed drawings must be neat and professional. It should contain all of the sections of your design, in enough detail for all of its parts to be seen. The drawings should be labelled clearly to reference your design's function visually while it is explained by the designer. The Designer is responsible for: presenting design details, an explanation and demonstration of the design, as well as the general construction and workmanship of the model/quality of the drawings Limit 500 words Guidelines for Presentation of Design Choice 1/ Prototype: The prototype model must be a physical, 3-dimensional representation of your proposed design. It does not have to be to scale, or be functional. Most importantly, it should clearly demonstrate the concept of your design – including layout, arrangement, and general construction. You will need to clearly demonstrate and communicate how your design works, simply exhibiting the model without explanation will not be sufficient. Choice 2/ 3D drawing: The detailed drawings must be neat and professional. It should contain all of the sections of your design, in enough detail for all of its parts to be seen. The drawings should be labelled clearly to reference your design's function visually while it is explained by the designer. The Designer is responsible for: presenting design details, an explanation and demonstration of the design, as well as the general construction and workmanship of the model/quality of the drawings Designing a small, simple, and portable water filter to provide with clean water in each household in the Mayukwayukwa Refugee Settlement Camp   1.0 INTRODUCTION: This assignment proposes to a design plan that responds to the water supply and sanitation problems in the Mayukwayukwa refugee settlement camp in Zambia. This project proposal intends to provide with justifications of the design, research about the project as well as recommend a possible solution to the problem concerning each household in the settlement. 2.0 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION: Mayukwayukwa refugee camp is considered the oldest settlement area in Zambia which states major water problems including lack of clean drinking water. Currently, boreholes are being dug in the area to fulfil the water needs of people (EWB, 2016). Water from boreholes are generally considered of good quality as the layers of the earth naturally filters it (EWB, 2016). However, if the water is not treated properly of not filtered as per the daily need of an individual or the human body, it can cause various diseases. The lack of clean drinking water can cause various epidemic breakouts as well as infections affecting vast number of people (Gast Press, 2013). The main purpose of this design is to eliminate the debris from the water through a series of water filters. The purified water is then heated in the sun. Relatively known as SODIS method, this method helps kill bacteria or germs present in the water after the filtration process making water more safe to drink.   3.0 PRELIMINARY RESEARCH: Ambashta, R. D., & Sillanpaa, M. (2010). Water purification using magnetic assistance: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 180(1), 38-49. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.04.105 This article describes about the magnetic way of purifying water. Magnetic floccules are sent through the pipes that take water to the households of people purifying water. This method is mainly used to purify water from high iron. This process can be installed in Mayukwayukwa village as well but due to it being a developing area, there are no pipeline that carry water to the houses of the villagers. Therefore, this process will not be as helpful as the simple water purification methods. However, there is a problem of high iron level in the water in Zambia and if possible, this idea can be adapted to make water more pure and sanitised. Geise, G. M., Lee, H., Miller, D. J., Freeman, B. D., McGrath, J. E., & Paul, D. R. (2010). Water purification by membranes: The role of polymer science. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 48(15), 1685-1718. doi:10.1002/polb.22037 This journal describes about the two greatest problem in the twenty-first century: clean water and energy. There is a need for improved technologies that help benefit the water purification methods than just by utilizing the electrical energy. This article summarises the water crisis problem in the world's perspective and reviews the usage of membrane technology. Membrane technology refers to the process of transforming the water from oceans and seas into a form that is without salt and is drinkable. It is a form of reverse osmosis. This article formulates on providing access to water by utilizing the water resources with the help of technology. This design also aims on providing purification method that is accessible to all people and is cost efficient. Youde, J. (2010). Don't drink the water. International Journal, 65(3), 687. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.cdu.edu.au/stable/pdf/25762025.pdf This article explains the importance of purification of water to the people for their living. The description of how un-purified water caused a havoc in Zimbabwe starting a Cholera epidemic affecting the whole nation in 2008-2009. Water was considered a private property rather than something that is free and sustains the living in Zimbabwe. This norm made only people with standards available to good water sources while others would have to drink the local water. Since this design is easy to be used by any person at a very low cost, people would not have to suffer from lack of good water sources in the village. 4.0 DESIGN CONCEPT: As far as the benefits of drinking boiling water persists, the design proposed in this project acts only as an alternative. The structure of this proposed design is simple and only requires elements that are found in the region. It can be reused many times, making the design more useful and resourceful. The main benefit of water purification is to save the people from any diseases or epidemics (Gast Press, 2013). 4.1 DESCRIPTION AND SKETCH This water purifier does not require much apparatus as compared to any other water filter. It uses basic available resources to act as a filter. The materials required are as follows: charcoal, sand, gravel, a mud or a plastic vessel and a soft cloth (Homemade Water Purifier, 2011). The vessel needs to be divided into 4 equal parts that will contain various elements. At first, a hole is made at the bottom of the plastic container or the mud vessel to let out the filtered water. The hole is then covered with two layers of soft cloth to stop any sand particles to sieve through the pores of the cloth. The vessel is first quarterly filled with sand. Sand is a porous element and due to its compact nature, it helps capture any tiny dirt particles as well as micro-organisms in water. Mayukwayukwa settlement camp is in an area where sand is profusely found. Therefore, the local people can find sand for this process easily. Secondly, the vessel is filled with charcoal. Charcoal is a good source of carbon and therefore soaks any bad odour, bad or treatment chemicals from water making it safe and clean to drink. Lastly, the vessel is filled with gravel. Gravels are big components compared to sand and charcoal and it is used to trap any unwanted particles in water. E.g. insects, water grass, animal dirt, etc. All the materials should be in a ratio of one fourth that makes the vessel equally divided into 4 units. Water to be filtered is poured into the prepared vessel. It first passes through gravel which gets rid of any unwanted particles in the water. The charcoal clears all bad odour and chemicals and the sand purifies the water by absorbing all the tiny dirt particles. The water is then sieved through the cloth which prevents any sand or other dirt particles to pass through. The clear and clean water is collected in another vessel below it and can be utilised without boiling or using SODIS. SODIS method is highly encouraged as it helps kill any germs that may be present in the water and it also acts as the best alternative to boiling water (Eawag, 2016).   The figure below is given to demonstrate the above described process- 4.2 ISSUES FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATION: • Availability of the apparatus required for this design. Examples – plastic containers or mud vessels, soft cloth, etc. • Public ideas, views, and criticisms and their interest to follow the design • The quality of water in the area which will help determine the amount of chemicals that has to be used to make water safe to drink directly. • The environmental effects of use of chlorine and other chemicals in water 5.0 CONCLUSION: This design proposal aims to provide a solution to the problems faced by the Mayukwayukwa refugee settlement camp in Zambia. It mainly focuses on providing water purification and sanitation solutions to the villagers in the camp by utilizing the local materials available. This design is useful and cost efficient and therefore, can be used as an alternative for water purifier. Further research will help analyse the need and requirements of the camp and changes to the design structure.   6.0 REFERENCES: (2011). Homemade water purifier. Retrieved from https://extension.usu.edu/waterquality/files-ou/Publications/Homemade-water-purifier.pdf Ambashta, R. D., & Sillanpaa, M. (2010). Water purification using magnetic assistance: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 180(1), 38-49. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.04.105 Eawag (2016). Safe drinking water for all. Retrieved from http://www.sodis.ch/methode/anwendung/index_EN Gast Press Office (2013). The importance of water purification. Retrieved from http://www.gast.co.za/importance-water-purification/ Geise, G. M., Lee, H., Miller, D. J., Freeman, B. D., McGrath, J. E., & Paul, D. R. (2010). Water purification by membranes: The role of polymer science. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 48(15), 1685-1718. doi:10.1002/polb.22037 Youde, J. (2010). Don't drink the water. International Journal, 65(3), 687. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.cdu.edu.au/stable/pdf/25762025.pdf