Evaluation of Energy Storage Options for 100 % renewable electricity generation in Scotland "The Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 sets a target of 80% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions on 1990 levels by 2050 with an interim target of 42% reduction in 2020. Because of the rapid development of renewables in Scotland, new targets can be set out to generate the equivalent of 100% electricity demand in Scotland from renewable sources, which require the market to deliver approximately 15-16 GW. However, this does not imply 100% dependency on renewable sources, but rather that renewables will form a key part of the electricity mix along with thermal generations supported by Carbon Capture techniques" (The Scottish Government, 2012). A figure of 57 % of overall electricity supplied has been reported already in 2015i, with some days seeing more than 100 % of electricity generated from renewablesii. For this assignment you will evaluate if it is theoretically possible for Scotland to not only generate the equivalent of 100 % of electricity, but also to depend 100 % on the electricity generated by those renewable technologies. Use the free simulation package EnergyPlan (www.energyplan.eu ) for your calculations. 1. Based on an upscale of the current generation mix for renewable technologies (see Figure 1) and the current typical electricity demand, how much energy storage capacity would Scotland need to satisfy all its electricity needs with renewable generation and provide a stable grid (i.e. supply meeting demand at all times)? You can calculate the demand and necessary storage any way you like, but use the figures you come up with in your EnergyPlan scenario for Q3. [10] 2. At the moment, there are two pumped hydro power stations operational in Scotland: Ben Cruachan and Foyers. (For details on the two schemes, please see Table 2). How much would it cost to build all the required electricity storage using PHS only? How much potential for additional PHS does Scotland have? Can you reach the level of energy storage demand you identified using PHS only? Where are the suitable sites to build PHS in Scotland? [20] 3. Use EnergyPlan to build your own scenario for an independent Scottish electricity grid. It has to be stable, as cost effective as possible and fulfil 100 % of the electricity demand using renewable technologies and storage (no interconnects). [25] 4. Submit a critical analysis of your scenario. Which energy storage technologies do you suggest? How much would your scenario cost? Where are the weak points of your scenario? Are there strong points? How much influence would interconnects have on your scenario? [30] 5. Referencing, source material used, layout (graphs and figures, general readability). Note: No referencing means an automatic fail with 0 % of the mark.[15] Answering all questions is critical for your mark! This project must be submitted electronically by TurnItIn. Deadline: Week 12 – Friday, the 31st of March at 23.59 Other requirements: 1. Name the file 'Surname_ID_Report2.doc' (or PDF). The ID is to avoid duplication in case there are two common surnames. Ensure that your report has a proper title on the first page as well as your name. 2. Your document must include a header on each page giving your name and the page number. 3. Length: approximately 3000 words plus appropriate graphs and figures. Notes on EnergyPlan: 1. Install and open EnergyPlan on your Laptop or PC as soon as possible, preferably in week1 or 2. 2. Keep in mind that it will take time to familiarise yourself with the different parameters of EnergyPlan and their exact meaning and influence on the model. 3. This is not an assignment that can be done in a "power session" working through the night! General Notes 1. ASK if you get stuck! There is no point in you trying to spend days on solving a problem on your own. You are an MSc student, you should know that you are not a lone fighter! Ask either your classmates, the TA or the lecturer! 2. There will be no extensions granted which are asked for on the 30th or 31st of March. 3. Keep back-up copies of your work on USB/disc/separate PC/Laptop. School rules specifically state that data loss does not constitute a reason for an extension. 4. EPS Policy on Late Submission of Coursework: Where a single piece of coursework contributes 5% or more to the course final grade (which is the case here, as the assignment counts for 30 % of your mark in DMES), then late submissions without extenuating circumstances will normally have applied a multiplier of 0.5. Thus, a piece of work that would have been awarded 70%, if submitted on time, will be marked as being 35%. Any extenuating circumstances justifying late submission MUST be supported by documentary evidence, e.g. a medical certificate, given to the Director of Studies 5. You CAN use the data provided, but you don't have to (you can find newer data sets if you prefer to do so.Additional Data:  You can find a lot of data in the government websites and statistics, i.e.: (www.gov.co.uk/statistics). (There are several chapters of DUKES available on Vision) or www.gov.uk/government/collections/sub-national-electricity-consumption-data  The Scottish government is the second source of information you can use. Examples are: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0046/00469235.pdf for 2015 http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0049/00494813.pdf for 2016  https://www.scottishrenewables.com/sectors/renewables-in-numbers/ Table 1: Power Plant Head [m] Capacity [MW] Reservoir [m³] Cruachan 360 440 10,000,000 Foyers 175 300 13,000,000 i http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0050/00501041.pdf ii https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/aug/11/scotland-completely-powered-by-wind-turbines-for-aday Scottisch Government