ACADEMIC GROUP; ENGINEERING, SPORTS AND SCIENCES BEng (Hons) Civil Engineering ___________________________________________________________________ Level 1 ___________________________________________________________________ Materials technology Module CIE 4008 Assignment brief __________________________________________________________________ Module Tutor: Dr M. Boulbibane Room: G2-03 Tel: 01204 903864 e-mail: [email protected] TITLE: Construction and Materials technology 1 PROGRAMME LEVEL: 1 ASSIGNMENT: Materials laboratory COMMENCEMENT DATE: W/C 23/01/2017 SUBMISSION DATE: 07/04/2017 AIMS A written report will allow the student to demonstrate their communication and presentation abilities, whilst writing a professional and detailed laboratory report on a construction related material. LEARNING OUTCOMES The student will be able to: 1. Develop an awareness of the specific properties of a construction material based on application criteria and performance characteristics. 2. Demonstrate an application of scientific principles and demonstrate the capacity to research & investigate. 3. Develop numerical and manipulative skills. 4. Demonstrate effective and professional presentation of a report ASSESSMENT WEIGHTING This section of the assessment forms 50% of the total marks for the module. DETAILED BRIEF The laboratory sheets overleaf give an overview of laboratory tests performed on several different construction materials. Having performed the practical element in the physical testing facility, write a fully detailed laboratory report on one of the laboratories. MS Excel data of the experiments will be available on the VLE platform (Moodle) for extrapolation of key results, further analysis, discussion, and ultimately integration into the report SPECIFIC ASSESSMENT CRITERIA Marks will be awarded for the laboratory report submission (100% of submission). Marks may be deducted as in accordance with the module guide for poor presentation. The use of well annotated sketches is recommended where appropriate and will attract marks accordingly.5 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 Strain Stress (N/mm 2) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025 Strain Stress (N/mm2) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Deflection (mm) Load (kN) 5 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 Strain Stress (N/mm2) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Deflection (mm) Loads (kN) Load-deflection plot for unreinforced concrete beam loaded in 3-point bending Stress-strain plot for unreinforced concrete beam loaded in 3-point bending Load-deflection plot for a concrete cube loaded in compression Stress-strain plot for a concrete cube loaded in compression L b d L d b L = 100.04mm b = 99.912mm d = 100.6mm L = 450mm b = 99.997mm d = 100.002mm Where ‘L’ is the clear span between supports. (The actual size of the sample ≈ 500mm) Laboratory testing – Un-reinforced concrete Measure the dimensions of the sample Concrete cube loaded in compression Position the sample into the testing machine and gradually apply the load – measuring the deflection at each load increment. Position the sample into the testing machine and gradually apply the load – measuring the deflection at each load increment. Non-dimensionalise this result by converting P-δ plot into σ-ε plot. Axially; σ = F = P A b d ε = ∆L = δ L L Non-dimensionalise this result by converting P-δ plot into σ-ε plot. For our 3-point bend test; 3 P L σ Z = M = 2 b d2 ε L = 6 d 2δ (Derived using Macaulay’s method) Un-reinforced concrete beam loaded in 3-point bending A reinforced concrete foundation requires concrete of grade C 25/30. The following proportions of the constituent materials were used in the concrete mix: Coarse aggregate = 697.5kg Fine aggregate (zone 1) = 852.5kg Cement = 510kg Water = 229.5 litres These quantities produce 1m3 of concrete. The concrete was mixed, and a slump test was performed on the fresh concrete to determine if the correct (high) workability has been achieved. A slump of 32mm was recorded. Concrete is poured into the foundation, and the batch is sampled to create cubes and beam elements for batch testing. The batch test specimens are cured underwater, and after 28 days are removed and tested. The cube specimen is tested to failure in compression in order to determine the compressive strength. And the beam specimen is tested to failure in 3-point bending, in order to determine the (indirect) tensile strength. Is the measured slump value within acceptable limits for the desired high workability? σmax compression σmax tension Is the maximum compressive stress value (σmax compression) as expected (fckcube)? i.e. does the particular concrete batch have the desired strength? fctm = 0.3 fck(2/3) Applying the two σ-ε plots onto the same axes allows a direct comparison of the structural performance of concrete (as a material) when loaded in different ways Analyse the results: What do the plots show? – Discuss the features of the plots What is the maximum stress carried by the concrete in compression? (σmax compression) What is the maximum stress carried by the concrete in tension? (σmax tension) Is the maximum tensile stress value (σmax tensile) as expected? i.e. does the maximum tensile stress show good correlation with the equation for tensile strength in Eurocode 2? From EC2Laboratory report Write a laboratory report on the Materials Laboratory. The report should follow the structure outlined below (context is given in terms of the concrete laboratory, but headings equally apply to the other types of materials): Structure of laboratory report 1. Front cover. Report title, name and number of candidate, submitted to Dr. M. Boulbibane 2. Aim. “To verify the property prediction models of un-reinforced concrete through experimental investigation” 3. Introduction. Background/review - use PUBLISHED sources to reference your viewpoint. Constituent materials. Properties of the material (concrete good in compression and weak in tension?). What tools are available to predict the properties of a concrete batch? Importance of batch testing 4. Apparatus. List of the apparatus used. Also, a labelled sketch (or photo) showing the experimental set up 5. Procedure. Description of the experimental method used (should include references to apparatus). Written in past tense (e.g. The sample dimensions were measured…) (British Standard?) 6. Results. Put results spreadsheets in the appendix. But, extract key results from these spreadsheets and put in this section (e.g. maximum compressive load carried by the cube. And also maximum deflection at this point). Also put sample dimensions in this section as well. 7. Analysis. Use the spreadsheets to create load-deflection (P-δ) plots for concrete cube and concrete beam element. Convert each P- δ plot into a stress-strain (σ-ε) plot. Take the σ-ε plot for each specimen and position on the same axes. This allows a comparison. Calculate the elastic modulus 8. Discussion. The most important part! Compare the maximum stress values in compression and tension. What does this tell you? What can be concluded from this analysis result? Is this result as we would expect? (find a reference with which we can compare the results) . 9. Conclusion. Summarise what you have found out. 10. References. Any external sources of information referred to in your report should be included here. Written in Harvard style (e.g. BSI (2002), BS EN 1992-1-1: Eurocode 2, design of concrete structures. General rules and rules for buildings, BSI, London) 11. Appendix. The P-δ spreadsheets should be included in this section. Marks will also be awarded for the professionalism of the submission DO NOT put this sheet into your report NOTE: You MUST submit your report via TURNITIN. The report constitutes 50% of the final module mark. Exemplar marking criteria (given for concrete laboratory) is given on the following page.THE UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON Engineering Sports and Sciences Concrete laboratory Module No. HE4 materials laboratory Name: Typical content Mark Report Omitted 0 Very poor <39 Poor 40-49 Fair 50-59 Good 60-69 Very good 70+ Final mark Criterion based feedback Introduction/aim Literature review and discussion of admixtures in concrete 10 Apparatus Conclusive list of apparatus Sketch/Photo of arrangement 5 Procedure Description/language/terminology Sound methodology 10 Results and graphical analysis Communication of relevant results 20 Analysis Relevant calculations and manipulation of results Graphical representation of analysis 30 Discussion Critical appraisal of analysis and significant results Understanding and external awareness 20 Presentation and referencing Professionalism of submission Correct and relevant references 5 OVERALL WEIGHTED MARK: _ _ _ % (contributes 50% to module total) .