Task Task 1 [6 marks] Besides the usual Windows/DOS/Windows Phone, MacOS/macOS/Classic MacOS/Apple IOS and Linux/Unix/Android Operating Systems, name and describe 3 other operating systems. Include the type(s) of hardware they operate on. Be careful not to use a Linux derivative or more than one from the same family of Operating Systems (eg Win8 and Win10 are in the same family). Task 2 [10 marks] A multiprocessor with six processors has 16 attached DVD drives. There is a large number of jobs submitted to the system that each require a maximum of four DVD drives to complete execution. Assume that each job starts running with only three disk drives for a long period before requiring the fourth drive for a short period toward the end of its operation. Also assume an endless supply of such jobs. a) Assume the scheduler in the OS will not start a job unless there are four DVD drives available. When a job is started, four drives are assigned immediately and are not released until the job finishes. i. What is the maximum number of jobs that can be in progress at once? (2 marks) ii. What are the maximum and minimum number of DVD drives that may be left idle as a result of this policy? (2 marks) b) i. Suggest an alternative policy to improve DVD drive utilisation and at the same time avoid system deadlock. (2 marks) ii. What is the maximum number of jobs that can be in progress at once? (2 marks) iii. What are the bounds on the number of idling DVD drives? (2 marks) Task 3 [8 marks] a) Provide two examples of applications for which multi-threading provides better performance than a single-threaded solution. State your reasons. (4 marks) b) Provide two examples of multi-threading applications where the threads should be implemented as pure kernel-level threads rather than pure user-level threads. State your reasons. Do not use examples from the textbook. (4 marks) Task 4 [6 marks] Write a short discussion, in your own words, on each of the following topics. The discussions, each in about 250 ± 50 words, should explain the meaning of the terms and concepts involved. You should give references for concepts, but you must use your own words. No marks will be awarded if your answer is similar to wordings used in your textbook or other available sources. a) Process interaction and degree of awareness. (3 marks) b) Mutual exclusion and the advantages of using semaphores compared to special machine instructions. (3 marks) Rationale This assignment aligns with the learning outcomes: • be able to outline the historical development of operating systems; • be able to communicate the major functions of a generic operating system. Marking criteria All questions in this assignment involve the proper executive of steps and processes within operating systems. These are marked using the following criteria: Criteria Description Correctness Evidence of completing tasks without any errors. Task completeness The indicated task is carried out completely. Communication/Working You have made it clear what you have done using an appropriate mix of text, neat diagrams and code excerpts. The mark for each question is determined by the proportion of your answers that satisfies these criteria. Full Marks Partial Marks Zero Marks Correct answer written clearly, concisely and cogently; displaying your in-depth understanding of the concepts using appropriate terminology. Referencing style has no errors. Partially correct answer with incomplete and inadequate answer to question task, lack of appropriate reasoning. Minor referencing style errors. Answers to questions are incorrect; absence of referencing style. The application of these general principles to each individual question is given with the questions themselves. Please read them to maximise your marks. Grade allocations: Marks for all questions will be totalled and grades awarded based on percentage of the 30 total available marks. (FL <50%; PS 50-64%; CR 65-74%; DI 75-84%; HD 85-100%) Presentation The material must be word processed and submitted as a Word or PDF file. Good quality hand draw diagrams may be scanned and embedded in the document. Hand written material will not be accepted. Requirements To complete this assessment item, you should have read chapters 2 to 5 of the textbook.