Question Electronics

Q Q1: What are the following electrical things called? Be specific where possible.

Q2: Using one of the following programming languages: Basic/C/C#/Java/C++, write a code snippet that processes a String, and replaces every 5th character with "X". If the input is "The Cat Sat on the Mat", the output should be "The Xat SXt onXthe Xat"

Q3:Amicrocontroller needs to be able to turn a 24V, 1 Ohm resistive load offand on. It has an output pin that can be set to either 0V or 5V. When the outputis 0V, the load should be off, when 5V, the load should be on.

The above circuit was tried (the microcontroller pin is represented by V1) and did not work properly. What is wrong with it, and to do this task in the realworld, what would you do differently?