1. Boot your Ubuntu system and open two command shells. In one of the two use the sucommand to change to the root identity: su ­ root

Read the manpage on the sucommand. What is the meaning of the ­ option? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________

2. Execute the command whoamiin both windows: who are you? ____________ ____________ 3. Read the manpage on the addusercommand and the one on the useraddcommand. Which command

should you use, and why? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________

How many arguments should you give when you use the addusercommand? Create three new user identities: flashgordon, dalearden, and mingthemerciless. Does the addusercommand work in both windows? Who is allowed to run the addusercommand?

____________ ____________ ____________ 4. Read the manpage for the passwdcommand. If you do not provide any arguments to that command,

whose password will be changed? ____________________________________________________________ 5. Use the lesscommand to read the file containing user information: less /etc/passwd Look for your new identities at the end of that file. (Type 'q' to end the command when you are done.) 6. Use the tailcommand to read the last five lines of the /etc/passwdfile. 7. Now run the command echo $PATHin both windows. What you see there is a list of directories which

will be searched for the executable code associated with any commands you issue. The entries in the list are separated with the colon character (:). What is the last entry on the list?

____________ ____________ 8. Compare the command prompt you see in the two windows. What information can you glean from the prompt?

____________________________________________________________ 9. Use the exitcommand in the window that recognizes you as root. Use the exitcommand again. Now use the exitcommand in your other window. What happened? Open a new terminal window and run the

command man exit. Why was the effect of the command different in the different windows? That is, why did one exitget you out of one of the windows, while closing the other required two? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________

10. Open a new terminal window and read the manpage on the shutdowncommand. What command would you type to halt the system in 30 minutes?

____________________________________________________________

11. SHUT DOWN YOUR SYSTEM BEFORE YOU LEAVE!

2. Using vi/vim, create a file named sample1.txt. (NOTE: Explore these two commands using manpages and the whichcommand. Do you invoke the editor using the vicommand or the vimcommand or both? Behind the scenes, is it vior vimwhich is being executed?) 3. Change from command mode to insert mode by typing the 'i' character. Type the following text: "Creating a file is easy." 4. Save your file and exit the editor.

5. Using the pwdcommand, record your working directory path below: ______________________________________________________ 6. Using the lscommand with the ­loption, record the owner and group owner for your file.

______________________________________________________ 7. Using vi/vim, open sample1.txt. 8. Navigate to the word "Creating" and replace it with "Editing". NOTE: While in insert mode, the delete key works normally, but the arrow keys will produce strange results (they are actually control sequences). Navigate while in command mode, using the arrow keys, and switch to insert mode when you want to delete a character. ALSO note that you can delete an entire line

while in command mode, by typing a double­d. 9. Navigate to the word "a" and delete it. 10. Navigate to the end of the word "file" and add an s to it.

11. Save your file using the new name sample2.txt and exit the editor.

12. Open the Text Editor ­ the basic one, not OpenOffice/LibreOffice Writer. You may find the text editor by opening Dash Home. There likely will be an icon on the first screen labeled "Text Editor". If there is not, us the search box to find it ­ type "text" in the box, and the application named "Text Editor" should appear.

Note that the application invoked is something called "gedit". Use your terminal window to look up the manpage on gedit. Repeat these exercises (skipping number 5), but this time save the files using the word etest as the base name rather than sample.