QUESTION 1 1. The set text introduces a specific methodology for managing complex projects: True False 0.5 points QUESTION 2 1. Based on the discussion in Chapter 1 of the set text (TCP) is the following statement true or false? All parts of a complex project will exhibit high levels of complexity. True False 0.5 points QUESTION 3 1. The set text (TCP) argues in Chapter 1 that projects are pluralistic and therefore that project managers must draw from a range of methods and approaches in order to deliver satisfactory outcomes for stakeholders. True False 0.5 points QUESTION 4 1. Chapter 1 of the set text (TCP) describes the famous ‘butterfly effect’ as an example of the effects of emergence caused by non-linearity in the system. True False 0.5 points QUESTION 5 1. According to Chapter 1 of the set text (TCP), most projects can be described as simple systems rather than complex adaptive systems. True False 0.5 points QUESTION 6 1. According to Chapter 1 of the set text TCP, this attribute is NOT characteristic of a complex adaptive system. a. Communication b. Linearity c. Adaptiveness d. Control e. Emergence 0.5 points QUESTION 7 1. According to Chapter 1 of the set text (TCP) and Chapter 1 of the set text (LCP), which characteristics of complex adaptive systems are true? A: Complex adaptive systems do not exhibit characteristics of all systems. B: A complex adaptive systems can suddenly take on a new form in response to changing conditions.C: Emergent properties in complex adaptive systems are based on the unstable interaction between different elements in the system. D: All systems exhibit some form of control. E: Non-linearity is caused by 'positive feedback' within the system. Control is involves 'negative feedback'. F: A complex adaptive system adapts so that it can survive in relation to its environment. a. Statements A, B, D and E are correct. b. Statements B, D, E and F are correct. c. Statements B, C, D, E and F are correct. d. Statements C, D, and F are correct. e. All statements are correct. 0.5 points QUESTION 8 1. Which of the following statements is correct according to Chapters 1 and 2 of the set text (TCP)? a. Systematic thinking can be applied to complex projects. b. Problem and solution spaces are concepts that help us to define the outcome of the project as a definitive outcome. c. It is possible to define categories that cover all situations and events. d. Small projects do not exhibit characteristics of complex systems. e. Systems thinking concepts are frameworks which we use to interpret the world. 0.5 points QUESTION 9 1. In Chapter 1 of the set text, TCP, the 'types of complexity' model is presented as a theoretical model that: a. Helps to measure the level of chaos found in the system. b. Helps to define the difference between simple and complex projects. c. Indicates the degree or level of complexity in the project. d. Helps to relate the nature of the complexity to the source of project complexity. e. Provides an accurate assessment of the type of complexity in the system. 0.5 points QUESTION 10 1. According to Chapters 1 and 2 of the set text (TCP), complex adaptive systems tend to exhibit the following characteristic: a. Exhibit no internal coherence due to non-linearity and emergence. b. Consist of multiple parts most of which are closer to chaos.c. Be more effectively managed with clear top-down communications. d. Be characterised by low levels of learning when they are closer to chaos. e. The complexity of a situation is generally considered to rise when the number of areas of uncertainty increases. 0.5 points QUESTION 11 1. According to Chapter 2 of the set text (TCP) project complexity is most likely to occur when the following conditions apply: a. There are many activities in the schedule or network. b. There are frequent changes in requirements. c. Properties that could not be predicted from analysis of the individual parts emerge. d. Interrelationships and feedback exist between increasing numbers of project stakeholders. e. There is some ambiguity associated with every piece of project work in all projects. 0.5 points QUESTION 12 1. Complexity, according to Chapter 2 of the set text (TCP), comes from interrelationships and feedback between increasing numbers of areas of uncertainty or ambiguity. True False 0.5 points QUESTION 13 1. Chapter 3 of the set text (TCP) suggests that a useful approach to managing structurally complex projects includes: a. Fast tracking to bring activities back in line with the original project schedule. b. Highly detailed risk analysis. c. Concurrent budgeting to manage the budget during emergence. d. Obtaining stakeholder support to speed up the project. e. Increase time allocated to feasibility phase. 0.5 points QUESTION 14 1. Chapter 4 of the set text (TCP) suggests that characteristics of technical complexity in projects are most likely to include: a. A small number of interconnected elements. b. Early redefinition of the desired end state or goal. c. A steep, hierarchical organisation structure with clear controls. d. Rich and chaotic communication between semi-autonomous groups or teams.e. All answers are correct. 0.5 points QUESTION 15 1. According to Chapter 5 of the set text (TCP) a useful approach to managing directionally complex projects is: a. Linking financial reporting to control-gates and major reporting schedules. b. Having an executive sponsor who is able to keep the team aware of the major milestones. c. Use of soft systems thinking tools to achieve agreement on goals and direction. d. Completing the initiation or definition phase quickly so that you can proceed to detailed planning. e. Use of a laissez-faire approach to leadership. 0.5 points QUESTION 16 1. According to Chapter 6 of the set text (TCP), useful approaches to managing temporally complex projects include: a. Scheduling the entire project in high level detail so that changes can be accurately addressed as they occur. b. Creating a climate for knowledge transfer through cross-boundary sharing of information. c. Keeping sub-systems discreet and isolated for optimum control. d. Use of Lump Sum type procurement systems in preference to other approaches to reassure stakeholders. e. Avoid wasting time in planning by focussing on one best option during planning. 0.5 points QUESTION 17 1. According to Chapters 2-6 of the set text (TCP) our perception of whether or not a project is complex or just complicated is most likely to: a. Be related to the existence of design or technical challenges. b. Vary for the different people involved with the project. c. Be managed if the right organisational structure is in place. d. Be related to lack of clarity about goals. e. All answers are correct. 0.5 points QUESTION 18 1. According to Chapter 3 of the set text (TCP), characteristics associated with structural complexity in projects may include: a. Problem and solutions spaces which are not well defined. b. Flexible communication and reporting channels. c. Flexible informal and formal communication pathways.d. Rapid response to environmental change. e. Low level of adaptiveness to environmental changes. 0.5 points QUESTION 19 1. According to the Chapter 4 of the set text (TCP) a useful approach to managing technically complex projects might be: a. Use of carefully developed precedence networks to schedule the technical work and keep it on track. b. Provision of management incentives to promote creativity and inter-team communication. c. Focussing the project management role on knowledge integration and communication. d. Focus on working in teams towards the optimal solution. e. Ensuring that the best technical experts are always available. 0.5 points QUESTION 20 1. According to Chapter 5 of the set text a characteristic found in directional complexity is: a. A variety of powerful stakeholders with unshared goals and goal-paths. b. Parts of the project exploring different parts of the fitness landscape simultaneously. c. Effects that can clearly be linked to actions during the initial phases of the project. d. Sensitivity to initial conditions affected by agreement on goals and direction. e. Sustainable order arising through strong top down direction. 0.5 points QUESTION 21 1. According to Chapters 3-6 of the set text (TCP) a management technique that might be useful to address financial issues associated a particular type of project complexity might be: a. Flexibility to be able to stop a temporally complex project as conditions change unexpectedly. b. Early, strict control of the budget early if the project is directionally complex. c. Use of a fast track approach when the project is structurally complex. d. Use of a four-phase approach to project organisation for a technically complex project. e. All of the above 0.5 points QUESTION 22 1. According to Chapters 3-6 of the set text (TCP) project managers should be aware of the following trap or consequence of project complexity: a. In directionally complex projects it is important to 'do something' rather than just sit around talking.b. In technically complex projects existing technical expertise is the key to thinking laterally. c. In structurally complex projects reliance on linear risk analysis techniques can prevent discovery of emergent risk patterns. d. In temporally complex projects it is important to lock in ideas early before change occurs. e. In technically complex projects technical experts should drive the project, at least in the initial period. 0.5 points QUESTION 23 1. According to Chapter 7 of the set text (TCP) which statement is more likely to be true? a. There is always an hierarchical relationship between the theoretical and the practical or between theory, methodology and tools. b. Theory can be thought of as describing ‘how’ we do something while methodology can be thought of as ‘what’ we do it in practice. c. Methodology can be thought of a providing the context and principles for the tools, techniques and processes we use. d. Theory and practice are rarely related. e. This book offers a standard methodology that can be applied to complex projects. 0.5 points QUESTION 24 1. According to Chapter 12 of the set text (LCP) is this statement true or false? Uncertainty can breed reduction in trust and loss of faith therefore the higher the uncertainty the more the procurement system needs to emphasise control. True False 0.5 points QUESTION 25 1. According to Chapter 6 of the set text (TCP) temporal complexity in projects is most likely to be due to: a. A schedule approach which involves multiple interdependencies over time. b. A fitness landscape which is relatively stable over time but which is not observable by participants. c. The nature of the constraints, which do not change over the life of the project. d. Clarity regarding which elements will still be relevant over time. e. The source of ambiguity relating not to the ability to monitor multiple dependencies but to unstable constraints over time. 0.5 pointsQUESTION 26 1. According to Chapters 3-6 of the set text (TCP) which of the following procurement approaches are recommended? a. A lump sum procurement systems will assist with temporal complexity. b.Concurrent engineering approaches will not assist procurement of temporally complex projects. c. Directionally complex projects are best procured, at least in the early stages, using partnership approaches. d. Structurally complex projects must be managed using traditional forms of procurement. e. All statements are correct. 0.5 points QUESTION 27 1. According to the Chapters 3-6 of the set text (TCP), when developing schedules for a complex project it is important to remember that: a. Temporally complex projects require different approaches to scheduling, such as entrainment or the use of a pacer. b. In a directionally complex project the time needed during the definition phases is generally shorter than the time needed to plan and roll out the project. c. In technically complex projects detailed planning should not be incremental. Instead methods such as CPM and PERT should be applied as soon as possible. d. On structurally complex projects scheduling activities are generally well resourced in most disciplines. e. Statements a) and c) are both correct. 0.5 points QUESTION 28 1. The Introduction to the set text (LCP) discusses some myths about what effective leadership does in relation to complex projects. According to the author which of these concepts IS possible for leaders to enact ? a. The possibility of direct control. b. Creating a constructed picture of the future. c. Enabling flexible pathways towards a visiond. Directing progress through influencing others. e. Reducing destabliisation in the system. 0.5 points QUESTION 29 1. In Chapter 1 of the set text (LCP) which concept is NOT listed as a contributing factor to project complexity? a. Political or environmental changes that are unpredictable. b. Different work or national cultures associated with the project. c. Unexpected changes to scope or budget requirements. d. Groups of stakeholders with competing agendas. e. Communications pathways that are complicated or interdependent. 0.5 points QUESTION 30 1. Chapter 1 of the set text (LCP) discusses indicators of project complexity. Which statement is NOT suggested in the set text? a. The perception of uncertainty is a subjective perception based on an individual's knowledge or understanding of the world and the person's ability to use that knowledge. b. Uncertainty levels can be monitored accurately and addressed by leadership. c. When uncertainty is present levels of trust can diminish. d. Complicated pathways produce uncertainty due to multiple decision points can produce the effects of non-linearity, rather than predictability. e. Uncertainty reduces people's confidence in the leadership. 0.5 points QUESTION 31 1. Chapter 2 in the set text LCP discusses issues associated with informal communication networks. Which statements are true, according to the set text? A: In some societies, particularly those which are group oriented, it is difficult to find a single identifiable focal point with respect to decision making. B: Informal networks are complex but always useful in achieving efficient communication. C: Informal ten leaders and managers do not have a good picture of the informal communication networks operating in their environment. D: Mapping informal communication networks is a very useful task as it will reveal strengths a well as problems associated with informal communication pathways. E:Team members who communicate externally (beyond the team) are invariably helpful as they keep the team in touch with the wider environment.F: A key task for the project leader is 'structuring the dialogue' (providing opportunities for informal information exchange); however it is important to remember that once information exchange happens it might not continue unaided. a. All statements are correct. b. Statements A, C, D,E and F are correct. c. Statements A, C, D and F are correct. d. Statements A, B, C, D and F are correct. e. Statements B C D and F are correct. 0.5 points QUESTION 32 1. Chapter 2 of the set text (LCP) introduces the idea that the leader needs to help to build resistance through communication. Which statement is INCORRECT, according to the author? a. Leaders should be able to expose their own feelings of doubt or insecurity during times of uncertainty. b. Problem structuring tools do not help to stimulate creative thinking and are inappropriate when uncertainty is high. c. Talking about emotions is helpful as it identifies what many people are experiencing and helps to normalise responses. d. Owning mistakes can help to build a climate of trust in the leader. e. Naming an issue correctly helps to clarify a problem and allows people to take appropriate action which might be otherwise prevented due to masking with 'soft' or inappropriately polite words. 0.5 points QUESTION 33 1. In Chapter 2 of the set text (LCP) there is a discussion of how effective leaders use communication to manage uncertainty. Which of the following statements are correct, according to the set text? A: Avoidance is a common reaction during uncertainty, when people feel overwhelmed. B: Ambiguity is regularly used as a strategic weapon to distract people's attention away from or towards a particular issue. C: Leaders need to be aware of the level of uncertainty and consciously use communication to work with uncertainty. D: Effective leadership communication behaviour might include using a firm communication style. E: Effective leadership communication behaviour might include being aware of the propensity for sublimating goals and avoiding information. F: Effective leadership communication behaviour might include identifying inconsistencies in information.a. Statements A, B and C only are correct. b. Statements D, E and F only are correct. c. Statements A, B, D, E and F are correct. d. Statements B, C, D, E and F are correct. e. All answers are correct. 0.5 points QUESTION 34 1. Chapter 3 of the set text (LCP) argues that complex projects involve macro-leadership. The key is building trusting relationships will all key stakeholders. Which statements are true, according to the set text? A: Building trusting relationship needs to happen but it happens naturally when the project leader is very experienced. B: High levels of trust in a leader is not necessary for high team performance. Teams need to know that the leader has authority. C: We tend to make assumptions based on our own world views and assume the associated practices will also apply to others. D: A leader's behaviour contributes to building trust in different ways and is dependent on context. E: The leader should be aware that trust needs to be built differently in different contexts. F: Projects are focussed on tasks and goals but, especially when things get tough, the strengths of the trusting relationships are important. a. Statements A, B, C, D are correct. b. Statements B,C, D, E and F are correct. c. Statements A, D and F are correct. d. Statements C, D, E and F are correct. e. All statements are correct. 0.5 points QUESTION 35 1. Micromanagement as a management approach is discussed in Chapter 3. Which of the statements in the set text (LCP) are correct? A: Doubt and fear about pathways and solutions can be manifested in an increasing need to control people and processes. B: Krimmel and Lindenmuth (2001) found that newly promoted leaders may use highly focussed styles of supervision. C: Micromanagement can show up as requests for excessive reporting.D: Schafer (2010) found that micromanagement can speed up the pace of action. E: Highly experienced project managers appreciate the need for micromanagement. F: A heavy focus on controlling can become problematic because leaders do not delegate appropriately. a. Answers A,B, D and E are correct. b. Answers A, B and C are correct. c. Answers B, D and E are correct. d. Answers A, B, C and F are correct. e. All answers are correct. 0.5 points QUESTION 36 1. Chapter 8 of the set text (LCP) discusses the use of political skill. Which of the following statements are correct, according to the set text: A: As a project leader it is not correct to indulge in political activity. B: Most people who use political activity use it negatively to serve their own purpose. C: Negative political culture might derive from masking activities to cover up lack of experience on the part of a senior leader. D: Rational models of organisations with polices and procedures based on fairness do not take into account self-interest on the part of decision makers. E: Assessing the political culture of the organisation should not be part of a risk assessment. F: Negative political behaviour is much more likely to occur when expectations about roles and responsibilities are not clearly defined. a. Statements C, D, E and F are correct. b.Statements A, C, E and F are correct. c. Statements B, C, C, E and F are correct. d. Statements A, B, and C are correct. e. All statements are correct. 0.5 points QUESTION 37 1. Chapter 9 of the set text (LCP) addresses leading during a crisis. Which statements, according to the set text are correct? A: Even though complex adaptive systems are hard to predict they do have structure. B: During a crisis, such as a major risk event, we are likely to see structures collapse and normal ways of doing things do not apply.C: In a crisis it is important to take the widest possible view, and, at the same time, to act very quickly. D: In a crisis, because of rapid escalation of nonlinear patterns, it is impossible to predict outcomes based solely on prior knowledge. E: Leaders must be aware that localised intervention can exacerbate a situation. F: Innovation plays an important role in leading teams through a crisis. a. Statements A, C, D, and F are correct. b. Statements B, C, D and F are correct. c. Statements C, D, E and F are correct. d. Statements B, C, D, E and F are correct. e. All statements are correct. 0.5 points QUESTION 38 1. Chapter 10 of the set text (LCP) states that the effects of power struggles on the governance process has been central to the work on governance in the academic literature. Is this statement true or false, according to the set text? True False 0.5 points QUESTION 39 1. Chapter 10 of the set text (LCP) discusses project governance. Which statements are correct, according to the set text? A: Classical project governance aims to achieve a number of activities, including definition of key roles and responsibilities for the project. B: Straightforward approaches to governance recommend a single point of accountability for the project. C: It is recommended that governance structures for a project with a single, identifiable client should make sure that decision-making is separated from project stakeholder groups. D: Good governance is hard to ensure when the project involves many layers of authority. E: Variations in practices and values between participating organisations affects governance. F: For multi-owner projects a simple governance structure is the most appropriate. a. Statements A, B, C, D, and F are correct. b. Statements B, C, D E and F are correct.c. Statements C, D, E and F are correct. d. Statements A, B, C, D and E are correct. e. All statements are correct. 0.5 points QUESTION 40 1. Chapter 12 of the set text (LCP) makes a case for partnering in relation to complex projects. Which statements are correct, according to the set text? A: A partnership can be described in many ways; for example an alliance, joint venture or strategic partnering arrangement. B: When nonlinear risk patterns develop in complex projects conflict can descend quickly into litigation, particularly where combative or tribal relationships between parties exist. C: Mindsets that get in the way of partnering include, a focus on the needs of the stakeholders and on the maintenance of long term relationships. D: Focussing on a local quick fix rather than holistic approaches to problem-solving can reduce the effectiveness of a partnership. E: Fixed price contracting can work against partnering because fixed price procurement systems invite an inherently confrontational approach. F: End-to-end packages - such as build-operate-transfer or build-operate-own procurement systems often include an alliance or joint venture group as part of the organisational structure. a. Statements A, B, C and D are correct. b. Statements A, B, D, E and F are correct. c. Statements B, C, D, E and F are correct. d. Statements A, C, D and E are correct. e. All statements are correct.