Journal As a part of the COURSE ASSESSMENT, students will each submit an individually-written journal report of their Group’s findings related to the Small Group Discovery sessions. You should write 200 words on each seminar session EXCEPT SEMINAR ONE AND SEMINAR 12 for which you do NOT need to write a journal entry. This means your journal entries will cover 6 seminar sessions OF PART 2, which amounts to a TOTAL WORD COUNT OF 1200 WORDS. Submitting your journal PART 2 of your journal covers seminar sessions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. Word count: 1200 words. DUE DATE FOR SUBMITTING PART 2 is MON 29 MAY 2017 Submit the journal in a WORD document (not pdf.) Format with headings and sub-headings that provide appropriate dates and Seminar topics; and include References as well as the usual REFERENCE LIST on a separate page at the end of the journal. • Late submissions will be penalised 10% for each work day after the deadline that they are submitted, unless prior permission has been granted by the course coordinator/tutor. • There are no assignment makeups unless the student has established a credible and verifiable reason such as bereavement or a serious illness. WEEK 6: (3 April - 7 April). PARTICIPATION & EMPOWERMENT Lecture 6. content This session introduces the concepts and practices of empowerment and participation. We critically evaluate the agenda framed by the International Financial Institutions before turning, by way of contrast, to the approaches of NGOs which are much more concerned with how such interventions enhance people's power, articulate their voice, and address their substantive needs. Civil society organisations have demonstrated special interest in improving the plight of minoritised social groupings through supporting them, in Paul Streeten’s words, “to take decisions themselves, to become agents, rather than being treated as "target groups" or passive recipients of benefits. In this regard, we focus on a case scenario in India of SCRIA which is a sustainable development initiative for rural women. Required Readings Streeten, Paul. (2002) Empowerment, Participation and the Poor. Human Development Report Office. Occasional Paper, Background Paper for the HDR 2002. [ONLINE] http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/streeten_2002.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Hickey S. and Mohan G. (2005) ‘Relocating Participation Within a Radical Politics of Development, Development and Change, 36 (2), pp.237-262. [ONLINE] http://staff.washington.edu/jhannah/geog335aut07/readings/HickeyMohan%20-%20RelocatingParticRadicalPolitics.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. United Nations Development Programme (1997) Human Development Report 1997, New York: Oxford University Press, pp.94-105. (Read the chapter on ‘The Politics of Poverty Eradication’). [ONLINE] http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/258/hdr_1997_en_complete_nostats.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Supplementary readings Moore, M. (2001) ‘Empowerment at Last?’ Journal of International Development 13(3): 321–329. Rosser A. (2005) ‘Indonesia: The Politics of Inclusion’, Journal of Contemporary Asia, 35 (1), pp.53-77. World Bank (2001) World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty, pp. 1-14, WWW document, [ONLINE] https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/11856 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Seminar 6. topic: The Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Case study: Isoceño people’s claims related to extractive industries The background material for this topic involves the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and another forceful piece of legislation from the ILO, known as ILO 169. The focus of analysis in this session is on the activism of a specific group: the Isoceño-Guarani peoples who live in the Chaco region of South America. In the Chaco, beginning in the mid-1980s, resistance efforts by Isoceño-Guarani peoples were reinforced by a supportive policy environment characterised by political decentralisation and recognition of indigenous territorial rights. The result was a synergy between assertion of indigenous territorial rights and conservation of biodiversity. As a class we will watch the first of several videos. This one is on the wider Chaco region focused on cultural survival in central-western areas, https://vimeo.com/111369408 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. The second video is about CABI:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvU-RTEPUvs (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (8 mins). CABI is one of the few indigenous organisations in lowland Bolivia to resist incorporation into the missions established during the colonial period. The Chaco War in the 1930s (Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia) nearly destroyed the Isoceños. Their organisation CABI led the struggle to recover their land and cultural identity, in the context of efforts by Bolivian Government to decentralise political authority and decision-making, but also in the context of the Isoceño opposition to the gas pipeline (to Brazil). CABI development model: 1) economic growth be equitable in order to allow the Isoceños to improve their standard of living as a people, as opposed to a few individuals accumulating wealth; and 2). that economic growth should not carry the high environmental costs— defined in terms of deforestation, soil degradation and the destruction of habitats of key wildlife species—characteristic of the farming and ranching activities that dominate the rural economy. CABI actively brought about agrarian reform law in 1996, legally granting indigenous territorial rights, as defined in the International Labour Organization Convention 169, as a legal form of land tenure. But Bolivian Government has ideological issues with the concept of indigenous territories as defined under current Bolivian law (based on ILO Convention 169). These have to do with upland peasant and settler organisations who want to settle in many territories claimed by lowland indigenous people and who are the government’s main constituencies. The government also has issues with indigenous organisations that assert their independence from political parties and official control. In the video the Isoceños describe the social organisation that they have developed in the struggles to claim their human rights. Research questions: • Does the partnership between and the organisation representing the Isoceño people represent a healthy balance? If so, what makes this so? • What are the key elements of the shared vision and how were the results perceived to exceed this vision? • What are key characteristics of the capacity development strategy? • Can anything be seen in this case that might be replicable for other indigenous groups in their negotiations with duty bearers? • Brainstorm the meaning of participation / empowerment from different peoples’ perspectives, bearing in mind that women and men invariably have different claims. Required Reading/Viewing ILO 169.The ILO law on rights to land ownership of indigenous peoples recognizes and protects tribal peoples’ rights through setting minimum UN standards regarding consultation and consent. ILO 169 has been around since 1989, but only twenty-two countries have ratified it so far [VIDEO ONLINE 59 mins] http://www.survivalinternational.org/law (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Painter, Michael, Rights-based conservation and the quality of life of indigenous people in the Bolivian Chaco. Chapter 7 in Campese, Jessica et.al (eds), 2009. Rights-based approaches. Exploring issues and opportunities for conservation. [ONLINE] http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BSunderland0901.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Supplementary readings United Nations Office of the High Commissioner For Human Rights, 2007. UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. [ONLINE] http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/DRIPS_en.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. United Nations, 2016. State of the World’s Indigenous Peoples. Vol II. Indigenous Peoples’ access to Health Services. UN Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues [ONLINE] http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/2016/Docs-updates/The-State-of-The-Worlds-Indigenous-Peoples-2-WEB.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Minority Rights Group, 2016. State of the World’ s Minorities and Indigenous Peoples. [ONLINE] http://minorityrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/MRG-SWM-2016.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 2007. 2nd Edition (ed. William A. Darity). Farmington Hills, MacMillan. Baluarte, David, 2005. Balancing Indigenous Rights and a State's Right to Develop in Latin America: The Inter-American Rights Regime and ILO Convention 169. Sustainable Development Law & Policy Vol 4 Issue 2 [ONLINE] http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1373&context=sdlp&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3Dindigenous%2520rights%2520and%2520development%26source%3Dweb%26cd%3D6%26ved%3D0CF8QFjAF%26url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fdigitalcommons.wcl.american.edu%252Fcgi%252Fviewcontent.cgi%253Farticle%253D1373%2526context%253Dsdlp%26ei%3DNjn2T83WJIe4iAeX-pDXBg%26usg%3DAFQjCNGbMWuBP-J7l3H8T6jig74FpHctjw#search=%22indigenous%20rights%20development%22 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. 10 APRIL 14 APRIL MID-SEMESTER BREAK WEEK 7: (24 April - 28 April). HUMAN RIGHTS EXPERIENCES OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES NOTE: SINCE ANZAC DAY IS ON TUESDAY 25 APRIL, THIS WEEK’S LECTURE WILL BE VIDEO-TAPED FOR VIEWING IN YOUR OWN TIME. THE TUESDAY SEMINAR GROUPS WILL BE RE-SCHEDULED FOR FRIDAY 28 APRIL (SUBJECT TO CONFIRMATION). WEDNESDAY’S SEMINAR GROUPS ARE NOT AFFECTED. Lecture 7. content This week’s topic concerns Indigenous Peoples as a critical resource for rethinking development. It begins with definitions, non-definitions, then turns to a view of Indigenous Peoples’ human rights on the ground including their actions to identify the claim-right for self-determination. The analysis of this includes an assessment of claim-bearers’ participatory actions, where we have a special interest in identifying actions that could be expected to lead to increased empowerment, participation, and social transformation. Required Readings Cultural Survival Quarterly, 2015. 25 YEARS OF ILO CONVENTION 169. [ONLINE] https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/25-years-ilo-convention-169 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. United Nations Office of the High Commissioner For Human Rights, 2007. UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. [http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/DRIPS_en.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.] Supplementary readings International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 2007. 2nd Edition (ed. William A. Darity). Farmington Hills, MacMillan. Taillant, Jorge Daniel, 2002. Guidelines for Civil Society Advocacy on Human Rights and Corporate Behavior. The World Civil Society Forum Geneva, Switzerland - July 15-19, 2002. [ONLINE] http://wp.cedha.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Guidelines-for-Civil-Society-Advocacy-on-Human-Rights-and-corporate-behavior.htm.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Seminar 7. topic: gender-based violence in Timor-Leste. This week’s seminar again involves a small research exercise, where preparation has to be completed before the seminar. Prepare discussion points on the topic of women’s choices on whether, how and where to seek justice, in the context of concerns over the preservation of the extended family network as well as economic dependence on the perpetrator. Then, prepare discussion points on the topic of traditional justice mechanisms in the context of closely-knit social groupings in Timor-Leste. Consider the reality that while traditional practices are often accessible and timely, and perhaps more affordable, they may not service female victims’ needs. This is because traditional practices represent the underpinning male-dominated culture (i.e. the values upheld). So, the choice of justice mechanisms may necessarily be undermined. This means women’s voices may be lost, and redress for individual women unavailable. Required Readings Cummins, Deborah (2013) "Ami Sei Vítima Beibeik": Looking to the needs of domestic violence victims. [ONLINE] http://asiafoundation.org/publications/pdf/1296 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. UNDP, 2012. Access to justice assessments in the Asia Pacific: A review of experiences and tools from the region. Read pp. 65,66; 77-79 on Timor-Leste in CHAPTER 5. [ONLINE] http://www.undp.org/content/dam/rbap/docs/Research%20&%20Publications/governance/APRC-DG-2012-A2J_Assessments.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Supplementary readings UNDP (2013), “Breaking the Cycle of Domestic Violence in Timor- Leste. Access to Justice Options, Barriers and Decision Making Processes in the Context of Legal Pluralism.” [ONLINE] http://www.undp.org/content/dam/timorleste/docs/reports/DG/Domestic%20Violence%20Report%20_with%20cover%20FINAL.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. UNICEF (2014) Children’s Access to Formal Justice in Timor-Leste [ONLINE] http://ntba.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/Childrens-Access-to-Formal-Justice-in-TimorLeste_ENGLISH-Sophie-Knipe.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. WEEK 8: (1 May- 5 May). Human rights-based approaches, refugees & forced migrants Lecture 8. content Refugees and forced migrants represent a special case of deprivation when it comes to a citizen’s right to participatory development (in her or his own country). A refugee suffers a double challenge when attempting to participate in the new country. A state has a right to refuse them citizenship or even entry. The exclusion of forced migrants contradicts the universal and inalienable qualities of human rights, which is the cornerstone of a liberal democratic state and its laws. The contradiction arises because in social contract theory we allow the state to take certain decisions (ostensibly) in protection of our individual rights. Refugees are the human manifestation of this conflicted sovereignty. The sovereign rights of the state can be used to deny the sovereign rights of individuals. Hannah Arendt clearly understood the implication: our rights are dependent on the state and at the same time in conflict with the rights of the state. Required Readings Zetter, Roger (2015). Protecting Forced Migrants. A State of the Art Report of Concepts, Challenges and Ways Forward. Read at least pp. 10-13 Executive Summary. [ONLINE] https://www.ekm.admin.ch/content/dam/data/ekm/dokumentation/materialien/mat_schutz_e.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Australian Human Rights Commission (2016). Pathways to Protection: A human rights-based response to the flight of asylum seekers by sea. Read at least pp. 5-6 Executive Summary. [ONLINE] https://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/20160913_Pathways_to_Protection.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Supplementary readings Human Rights Education Associates, 2003. Study Guide: The Rights of Refugees. [http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/edumat/studyguides/refugees.htm (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.] United Nations, 1954. Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. [http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/v1crs.htm (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.] Seminar 8. Topic: Case scenario of how identity intersects with being displaced. Required Reading International Refugee Rights Initiative, 2012. READ pp 1-12 and pp. 28-34 in ‘Darfurians in South Sudan: Negotiating belonging in two Sudans’. Citizenship and displacement In the Great Lakes Region. Working Paper 7. [ONLINE] http://www.refugee-rights.org/Assets/PDFs/2012/DarfuriansinSouthSudanFINAL1.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Seminar Questions • Did the report adequately represent the voices of women? • What were the key strategic responses of duty bearers (donor & beneficiary governments)? • Should belonging be a human right for all people? WEEK 9. (8 May - 12 May). Indicators & indices. Tools for enforceability. Lecture 9. content: Monitoring of actions aimed at the promotion of rights requires appropriate indicators and systems of measurement. Indexes are difficult to construct and even harder to perfect. Competing methodologies and data sources will always be favoured by different organisations and researchers. The one thing everybody probably agrees on is that the collection of data in an index should be useful knowledge. The premise in this lecture is that ‘usefulness’ relates to the enforcement of rights treaties, and that this is mostly likely to be carried out by the actions of civil society within a country (rather than pressure by other countries). Hence it is essential that monitoring systems are designed to help make this happen. As we study current systems of monitoring we need to ask the following questions: Do they tell us anything useful about what rights campaigns worked and what did not? Can contemporary measurements help us know how to further advance such efforts, or are they too abstract from everyday activism? Is it useful to rank states in a way that suggests they are comparable, when we know that it is the differences that matter? Required Reading Merry, Sally Engle, 2012. READ pp.1-6; 43-47; 61-2; 70-73 in ‘The Problem of Human Rights Indicators’. [http://www.law.uvic.ca/demcon/2012%20Reading/Chapter%203%20Problem%20of%20HR%20indicators.pdf] (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Supplementary readings Chung, Bui et.al. (2013). Indicators of Women’s Empowerment in Developing Nations. [ONLINE] https://www.lafollette.wisc.edu/images/publications/workshops/2013-women.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. OHCHR, 2007. READ pp.23-27 in ‘Using indicators to promote and monitor the implementation of human rights. Report Asian Sub-Regional Workshop. [http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/HRIndicators/Report_New_Delhi_Workshop.pdf] (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. McInerney-Lankford, Siobhán & Hans-Oto Sano, 2012. READ pp.14-21 in “Human Rights Indicators in Development. An Introduction”. World Bank. [http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTLAWJUSTICE/Resources/HumanRightsWP10_Final.pdf]?&resourceurlname=HumanRightsWP10_Final.pdf] (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Darrow, Mac, 2012. The Millennium Development Goals: Milestones or Millstones? Human Rights Priorities for the Post-2015 Development Agenda. 2012 Yale Human Rights and Development Law Journal, Vol. XV, March. [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1936678 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Seminar 9. topic: Discussion of course assessment activities. Time will be available to meet with seminar instructor to discuss essay topics. No required reading for this seminar apart from reviewing the Course Assessment details including the Essay topic. WEEK 10 (15 May - 19 May). CASE STUDY THAT ADVANCES PARTICIPATION & ACCOUNTABILITY: Shack/Slum Dwellers International Lecture 10. content The lecture is focused on a case study involving Shack/Slum Dwellers International (SDI) and examines their perspective on the rights-based approach in the urban context of Mumbai, India. Required Reading Mitlin, Diana & Sheela Patel, 2005. Re-interpreting the rights-based approach: a grassroots perspective on rights and development. Global Poverty Research Group. [ONLINE] http://www.sarpn.org/documents/d0002382/Rights_development_GPRG_Jun2005.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Supplementary readings Hijab, Nadia, 2000. READ the following sections: B. People's Movements and NGOs Seeking Rights and Development. 1. Assembly of the Poor; and 2. Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS - Association for the Empowerment of Workers and Farmers) in ‘Human Rights and Human Development. Learning from those who act’. Background paper for 2000 UN Human Development Report. [ONLINE] http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2000/papers/nadia%20hijab.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Vidar, Margret, 2003. The Right to Food in International Law. FAO. Critical Issues in Realising the Right to Food in South Africa. [ONLINE] http://www.actuar-acd.org/uploads/5/6/8/7/5687387/fao_the_right_to_food_in_international_law.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Leckie, Scott, 2000. Housing Rights. Background Paper for UN Human Development Report 2000. [ONLINE] http://www.urbancentre.utoronto.ca/pdfs/elibrary/UNDP_Housing_Rights_1999.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Water Privatization Case Study: Cochabamba, Bolivia. [ONLINE] http://www.citizen.org/documents/Bolivia_(PDF).PDF (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Seminar 10. Topic: Rights of child labourers The best reasons for monitoring & evaluation activities are to strengthen accountability and to support advocacy efforts through facilitating civil society learning. This seminar examines the idea that monitoring should be primarily focused on improving what we learn from a particular campaign or civil action. The seminar activity is focused on child labourers and those measurements that could improve their efforts and those of activists who work to support them. Required Reading Theis, Joachim, 2003. Rights-based Monitoring and Evaluation. A Discussion Paper. Save the Children. Skim sections I-II, Focus on Sections III-XI [http://www.crin.org/docs/resources/publications/hrbap/RBA_monitoring_evaluation.pdf] (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Seminar Question: Given the importance of child labourers organising their own associations to demand their rights, what indicators and systems of monitoring child participation could best produce good long-term data about 1) the changing nature of the lives of such children living in poverty; and 2) informing policy makers on the linkages between key policy reforms and the welfare of child labourers? WEEK 11. (22 May – 26 May). FOCUS ON CIVIL SOCIETY ACTORS Lecture 11. content Many on the left reject human rights as a tool for justifying military intervention, but in this lecture on NGOs we will examine another, richer picture of human rights, where they are not used simply in the interest of trade power. This lecture is focused on how civil society actors construe accountability in the context of bottom-up HRBAs approaches. Specific focus will be on human rights analysis and advocacy. We will view those actions by NGOs that are aimed at closing the capacity gaps of right holders through actions to mobilise demand for social, economic, and environmental justice. The key contexts are the potential creativity of NGOs as social actors (rather than simply bearers of structural determinations), and power as a pervasive feature of all forms of social relations. Required Reading Taillant, Jorge Daniel, 2002. Guidelines for Civil Society Advocacy on Human Rights and Corporate Behavior. The World Civil Society Forum Geneva, Switzerland - July 15-19, 2002. [http://wp.cedha.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Guidelines-for-Civil-Society-Advocacy-on-Human-Rights-and-corporate-behavior.htm.pdf] (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Supplementary readings Boesen, Jakob Kirkemann & Tomas Martin, 2007. “Applying a Rights-based Approach. An inspirational guide for civil society”. Danish Institute For Human Rights [ONLINE] http://www.crin.org/en/docs/dihr_rba.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Human Rights Watch (2017), World Report. South Sudan: [ONLINE] https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2017/country-chapters/south-sudan (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Offenheiser, Raymond & Susan Holcombe, 2003. Challenges and Opportunities in Implementing a Rights-Based Approach to Development: An Oxfam America Perspective. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 2003 32: 268 [http://nvs.sagepub.com/content/32/2/268.full.pdf]+html (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Ussar, Maxi, 2012. The Human Rights-based Approach: A More Effective Framework for International Development Policies in New EU Member States. Policy Paper. Minority Rights Group International. [ONLINE] http://minorityrights.org/wp-content/uploads/old-site-downloads/download-1004-Download-full-policy-paper.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Australian Council for International Development, 2010. Human Rights Based Approaches to Development ACFID Practice Note. [ONLINE] https://acfid.asn.au/sites/site.acfid/files/resource_document/Human-Rights-Based-Approaches-to-Development.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Randolph, Susan, Sakiko Fukuda‐Parr, and Terra Lawson‐Remer, 2010. Economic and Social Rights Fulfillment Index: Country Scores and Rankings. [http://www.serfindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Research-SERF-Country-Rankings-2010.pdf] (Links to an external site.)