Using The Ultrasonic Sensor to Determine Location of a athlete in a court Introduction A coordinate axis can be used to represent position on a flat surface. The two axis are the x-axis (representing horizontal position) and the y-axis (representing vertical position). An objects position on a surface may be represented in terms of x and y points. For example, an object may be located at position (3,2) of a flat surface. A transmitter may be placed with a wearable band and let it be placed with the athlete or object whose position and coordinate need to be to determine the distance between the object and the wall. Wall area (.3,2) Ultrasonic waves Ultrasonic waves may be used in pair for locating front and side wall distance as transmitters. These waves travels from the object and get reflected from the wall , the received frequency is used to market the distance from front and side wall , and helps in locating the location from the wall. Ultrasonic Sensor sends out a high-frequency sound pulse and then times how long it takes for the echo of the sound to reflect back. The sensor has 2 openings on its front. One opening transmits ultrasonic waves, (like a tiny speaker), the other receives them, (like a tiny microphone). Primary Objective The primary objective of this project is to determine an objects position on a coordinate axis using two ultrasonic sensors. An ultrasonic sensor is used to send out a high frequency sound waves and record the time it takes for the reflected sound to return. The sensor then uses the time to calculate the distance the object is from the sensor. Background There are many practical reasons why you would use sensors to locate an object. Most GPS (global positioning systems) use sensors to track objects on the ground. The object may be car, a package, a ship at sea, etc. The Ping ultrasonic sensor uses sound wave to find the distance of an object. When the sound wave hits an object, it reflects off the object. The object may be directly in front of the object or at an angle for the signal to be received. Transmitter Direct Wave Reflected Wave Direct Reflection Reflection at an Angle Equipment List The primary pieces of equipment are listed below: 1. Ping Ultrasonic Sensor 2Nos 2. Board of Education circuit boards 3. BASIC stamp microcontroller 2Nos 4. Zigbee TX/RX 2NOS 5. LCD 16x2 2Nos The metal stands were constructed out of steel located in the Ping Ultrasonic Sensor The BASIC stamp microcontroller is used to emit a short ultrasonic burst (40kHz for 2μs). The speed of sound is 344.8m/s. Using equation 1, D= (344.8m/s) * Δt Converting micro-seconds into seconds and meters into centimeters, the distance equation becomes, D(cm)= .03448* Δt The ultrasonic sensor cannot detect object more than three meters away. Equipment Diagram The ultrasonic sensor is placed on a servo motor that rotates in a 90 span. When the object is detected the servo motor stops moving, and the ultrasonic sensor measure the distance from the object. The following picture and diagram shows how the sensor is mounted on the stand. Transmitter section Receiver section Ping sensor may be attached the board of education using the following schematic. Ping Connection Experimental Procedure A one meter by one meter coordinate grid was made, with each square in the grid measuring 10cm by 10cm. The object(wooden block measuring 5cm by 5cm by 10cm)/athlete holding the sensor batteries and Zigbee Were placed on the ends of the coordinate grid. The object location was changed randomly from one coordinate to another, which changes the further location of the same from front and side wall. Both sensors update distance from both side and front wall to the microcontroller , this information from the microcontroller is get serially transmitted using Zigbee to the another end , may be at a distance of 50-80 meter. The information received at the other end , is used to decode and let us know the exact location of the object/athele in the grid. The same data can is received on PC/laptop , which can be used for further analysis as required . Speed determination: further this project can be used to know the speed and direction determination of the athlete, using frequency and frequent changing data from the ultrasonic sensor and making programming algorithms for Speed = distance / time . Object/Athlete y-point X –axis