Melbourne Institute of Technology SCHOOL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING BE301 – TELECOMMUNICATION MODELLING AND SIMULATION PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS Lecturer: Nahina Islam Design of GSM Cellular Mobile Radio Base Station Network Semester 1, 2017 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 PURPOSE.................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 SCOPE........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.4 DESIRED OUTCOMES ................................................................................................................. 1 1.5 PREREQUISITES.......................................................................................................................... 1 1.6 PROJECT DURATION .................................................................................................................. 1 1.7 CLASS REQUIREMENT................................................................................................................ 1 1.8 TEAM WORK ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.9 CREDIT POINTS.......................................................................................................................... 1 1.10 SOFTWARE PLANNING TOOL ..................................................................................................... 1 2 SCOPE OF WORK ........................................................................................................................ 2 2.1 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN ............................................................................................................... 2 2.2 ALLOCATION OF FUNCTIONS ..................................................................................................... 2 2.3 MODELLING AND SIMULATION .................................................................................................. 2 2.4 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................... 2 2.5 DESIGN DOCUMENTATION......................................................................................................... 2 3 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION .................................................................. 4 3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................... 4 3.2 SYSTEM PARAMETERS ............................................................................................................... 4 3.3 MOBILE TERMINAL ................................................................................................................... 4 3.3.1 GSM-900 Mobile Terminal ............................................................................................... 4 3.4 MOBILE ENVIRONMENT............................................................................................................. 5 3.4.1 Pedestrian ......................................................................................................................... 5 3.4.2 In vehicle - Handheld........................................................................................................ 5 3.4.3 In building - Handheld...................................................................................................... 5 3.5 BASE STATION ANTENNAS ........................................................................................................ 5 3.5.1 Antenna Type .................................................................................................................... 5 3.5.2 Antenna Mounting Structure............................................................................................. 5 3.5.3 Antenna Orientation ......................................................................................................... 5 4 PATH LOSS MODEL .................................................................................................................... 6 5 GEOGRAPHICAL DATA............................................................................................................. 7 5.1 TOPOGRAPHICAL DATA ............................................................................................................. 9 5.2 MORPHOLOGICAL DATA............................................................................................................ 9 5.2.1 Resolution: 1 second ......................................................................................................... 9 5.3 MAP IMAGE DATA ..................................................................................................................... 9 5.4 TOTAL SERVICE AREA............................................................................................................. 10 5.5 LOCAL SERVICE AREAS ........................................................................................................... 10 6 FREQUENCY PLANNING......................................................................................................... 13 6.1 CLUSTER SIZE ......................................................................................................................... 13 6.2 RF CHANNELS NUMBERING .................................................................................................... 14 6.3 GSM 900 CHANNEL PLAN....................................................................................................... 14 7 TELETRAFFIC CAPACITY PLANNING................................................................................ 15 7.1 ERLANG FORMULA .................................................................................................................. 15 7.2 GRADE OF SERVICE ................................................................................................................. 15 7.3 TELETRAFFIC MATRIX............................................................................................................. 15 7.4 TELETRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION ................................................................................................... 16 8 PROJECT EVALUATION ......................................................................................................... 17 8.1 REPORT CONTENTS AND STRUCTURE ...................................................................................... 17 8.2 PRESENTATION ........................................................................................................................ 17 8.3 SUBMISSION ............................................................................................................................ 17 9 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 18 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose This document outlines the requirement for the final project for BE301 Telecommunication Modelling and Simulation, a 15 -Credit Point project/unit part of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering Technology (Telecommunication). This final project is worth 35% of the marks allocated to BE301. 1.2 Scope This document contains technical requirement specification, data, and references required for planning design, and simulation of a cellular mobile radio network. Numerical figures are given for the purpose of the educational exercise only and may be exaggerated. 1.3 Objectives The objective of this design project is to familiarise the student with the entire process of planning and design of cellular mobile telecommunication networks. The cellular technology under consideration is the GSM Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). Considerations will be given to both the technical and economic aspects of the project. The student will use the CelPlanner software tool to plan and design cellular network for coverage of a defined geographic area. The design will be aimed to satisfy certain quality of service and economical requirements. 1.4 Desired Outcomes The expected outcome of the project is a fully documented design specification for the coverage area defined in the requirement section of this document. 1.5 Prerequisites The student undertaken this subject must have successfully completed BE203 Telecommunication Systems Engineering. The students undertaking this project must have successfully completed a set of eight exercises aimed at gaining in-depth knowledge and practice of CelPlanner. 1.6 Project Duration It is expected that the project will be completed within four (4) weeks. 1.7 Class Requirement The approximate workload is equivalent to four (4) hours of workshop/laboratory work per week of which two (2) hours will be time-tabled and supervised. Every Week two hour lecture is also scheduled to explain the technical requirements and address the student’s questions related to project. 1.8 Team Work Students will be working in group of two to design the network on allocated area for planning and shall submit a report outlining the design and operational requirements of the project. 1.9 Credit Points BE301 Telecommunication Modelling and Simulation is worth 15 credit points as part of the Bachelor of Engineering Technology (Telecommunications). 1.10 Software Planning Tool The software-planning tool to be used is the CelPlanner Suite provided by CelPlan Technologies, Inc. of Virginia USA. CelPlanner 12.3 version will be used to plan and design the network. CelPlan Technologies, Inc., 1835 Alexander Bell Drive Suit 200, Reston, Virginia 20191 USA 2 SCOPE OF WORK The scope of work (SOW) of the project shall include, but not limited to the activities described in the following subsections. Each student must show that he or she has read and understood the network requirements of Section 3 of this document. The analysis will highlight the relationship between user need, technical requirements and facilities of the network. The requirement analysis process will convert network requirements into a set of functions and their corresponding performance that the network to be designed will perform. 2.1 Conceptual Design Having read and understood and analysed the requirements given in Section 3 of this document, the student shall formulate a conceptual network design and philosophy. This should include logical network diagram (location of BS), location of MSC, and average cell radius, etc. 2.2 Allocation of Functions This stage of the system design, the student will allocate (or map) each network function to a particular network hardware of service. (e.g. transmitter, receivers, antenna, etc.). 2.3 Modelling and Simulation The network will be modelled on the CelPlanner software tool version 12.3 2.4 Performance Analysis Performance of the simulated network will be obtained using CelPlanner and shall include, but not limited to: 1. Composite forward 2. Composite Reverse 3. Co-channel interference 4. Adjacent channel interference 5. Composite interference 6. Cell splitting 7. Cell sectoring 8. Best server 9. Bit error rate 10. Frequency allocation 11. Number of servers 12. Service classes 13. Handover The information obtained in this step will form a major part of the final report. Network optimisation will include any necessary changes as a result of the performance analysis process. This may include removing or adding a new site, decreasing or increasing the number of transceivers in each site, etc. 2.5 Design Documentation This is the end of the planning and design process. It must be noted that the main purpose of the design report is conveying technical information to the project engineer who will be implementing (building and constructing) the network. The output of this process will be a set of network specification for the following. 1. Base station sites locations 2. Antenna specification 3. Antenna orientation 4. Antenna height above ground level 5. Frequency assignments CelPlanner provides documentation output which should be attached to the report as an appendix but some comments must be included in this section. 3 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION 3.1 General Requirements The objective of the project is to design and simulate a cellular mobile telecommunication network for a given area to satisfy the operational requirements economically. The total service area is divided 36 local service areas. One or more local service areas will be assigned to each team. Each team will be responsible for the design of a network in its own area and liaising with other teams in the adjacent areas if required. Each team will have one Mobile Switching Centre (MSC). Each cell site will have a connection to the MSC in a logical star topology. The physical topology will depend of other factors like terrain and line- of-sight if microwave radio links are used. Like every other practical projects, specification may not be necessarily complete, in this situation it is up to the team to make assumptions and justification for choosing a particular solution. There is no right or wrong solution but there is an economic and cost-effective solution. 3.2 System Parameters Adjacent channel selectivity 18 dB Acceptable C/I 10 dB Bit Error Ratio 3 % Band Centre Frequency GSM 900 MHZ 925 MHz Environment standard attenuation 40 dB Attenuation standard deviation 6 dB Minimum Tx output power 5 Watts Maximum Tx output power 60 Watts Table 3.1 3.3 Mobile Terminal 3.3.1 GSM-900 Mobile Terminal Maximum RF power 0.8 Watts Receiver noise figure 8 dB Antenna height (outdoor) 1.5 m Antenna nominal gain 0 dBd Table 3.2 3.4 Mobile Environment 3.4.1 Pedestrian Human body attenuation 2 dB Penetration attenuation 0 dB Average speed 5 Km/hr Table 3.4 3.4.2 In vehicle - Handheld Human body attenuation 2 dB Penetration attenuation 3 dB Average speed 80 Km/hr Table 3.5 3.4.3 In building - Handheld Human body attenuation 2 dB Penetration attenuation 12 dB Average speed 2.5 Km/hr Table 3.6 3.5 Base Station Antennas 3.5.1 Antenna Type The selection of a base station antenna is a very important task in cellular mobile network planning, in particular the radiation pattern (Azimuth and Elevation) and gain should be considered very carefully. CelPlanner antenna database includes many types of antennas. 3.5.2 Antenna Mounting Structure Base station antenna height must be selected in accordance to the following guidelines. 20 – 60 m in urban areas 20 – 30 m in suburban areas 20 – 40 m on urban roads/freeway 30 – 80 m in country side area. 40 – 80 m in country side roads. 3.5.3 Antenna Orientation Antenna orientation is a very important aspect in the design of mobile base station networks. All base station antennas must be oriented as shown in Figure 3.1 below. Should there be a need for deviation, or the use of omnidirectional antennas, the impact of interference on all sites must be assessed very carefully. 0o Sector A Sector C Sector B 240o 120o Figure 3.1 4 PATH LOSS MODEL The path loss model to be used is model number I, Lee Model with the parameters shown in Figure 4.1 and Table 4.1 below. Figure 4.1 – Model I to be used for this project Table 4.1 – Model I parameters 5 GEOGRAPHICAL DATA The total available geographical data is shown in Figure 5.1 below. 33o 00' 00'’ N 32o 30' 00'’ N 32o 00' 00'’ N Figure 5.1 – GIS data available Figure 5.2: Morphology of the selected area 5.1 Topographical Data Resolution: 1 second North: 33o 45’ 00.0” N East: 093o 30’ 00.0” W South: 32o 15’ 00.0” N West: 094o 00’ 00.0” W Resolution: 3 second North: 33o 00’ 00.0” N East: 093o 00’ 00.0” W South: 32o 00’ 00.0” N West: 095o 00’ 00.0” W 5.2 Morphological Data 5.2.1 Resolution: 1 second North: 33o 00’ 00.0” N East: 093o 15’ 00.0” W South: 32o 00’ 00.0” N Morphology Type West: 094o 15’ 00.0” W 5.3 Map Image Data Scale: 1:250,000 (250k) North: 33o 00’ 00.0” N East: 092o 00’ 00.0” W South: 32o 00’ 00.0” N West: 094o 00’ 00.0” W Scale: 1:100,000 (100k) North: 33o 00’ 00.0” N South: 32o 00’ 00.0” N East: West: 093o 00’ 00.0” W 094o 00’ 00.0” W Scale: 1:24,000 (24k) North: 32o 45’ 00.0” N South: 32o 15’ 00.0” N East: West: 093o 30’ 00.0” W 094o 00’ 00.0” W 5.4 Total Service Area The geographical data provided with CelPlanner consists of topographical, morphological, and map image data that cover the city of Shreveport, Louisiana, LA, USA The geographical area to be used for the purpose of this project is bounded by: North: 33o 00’ 00.0” N East: 093o 00’ 00.0” W South: 32o 00’ 00.0” N West: 094o 00’ 00.0” W The area where the topographical, morphological, and map image layers coincide will be referred to as the “Total Service Area” or TSA in the context of this project. The measurements of this area are 93 km east-west and 111 km south-north (10,323 km2). 5.5 Local Service Areas The total service area is in turn divided into 36 rectangular-shaped areas of 18.5 km x 15.5 km as shown in Figures 5.2. 5.3 and 5.4 below. These areas will be referred to as “Sub-service Areas” or SSA. Each group of students will be allocated 1147 square kilometre area for the purpose of their project, as shown in in figure 5.3 Figures 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, and 5.8 show the map of Shreveport, zoom in map, topography, and morphology respectively. 18.5 km 15.5 km Figure 5.2 – Service area allocated to each student. Figure 5.3 –service area allocated to each group 33o 00' 00'’ N 32o 50' 00'’ N 32o 40' 00'’ N 32o 30' 00'’ N 32o 20' 00'’ N 32o 10' 00'’ N 32o 00' 00'’ N Figure 5.4 – service areas numbering Figure 5.5 – Shreveport map 1 Figure 5.6 - Shreveport map 1 Figure 5.7 – Topography Figure 5.8 – Morphology 6 FREQUENCY PLANNING 6.1 Cluster Size The cluster size to be used in this project is 3 base station sites. The preferred arrangement is shown in Figures 6.1. You are expected to confirm this configuration. Try other arrangements. A 1 1 1 C B 7 4 A A 2 3 2 3 C B C B 2 3 8 5 9 6 Figure 6.1 – A cluster of three base station sites 6.2 RF Channels Numbering Table 6.1 shows the RF channels numbering for cellular cluster size of N = 3. The student may have to create this table and have it saved in own drive (e.g. H Drive) Table 6.1 - Channel numbering plan for N = 3 cluster size 6.3 GSM 900 Channel Plan Lower Band (25 MHz) 890 – 915 MHz Upper Band (25 MHz) 935 – 960 MHz f1 f2 f3 f124 f0 f1’ f2’ f3’ f124’ 200 kHz Centre Gap 45 MHz 7 TELETRAFFIC CAPACITY PLANNING 7.1 Erlang Formula The applicable Erlang formula for this project is Erlang B. Students may request copies of Erlang B tables from their lecturer for use in the project, however it is already available on Moodle. 7.2 Grade of Service The grade of service will be 3% for this project. 7.3 Teletraffic Matrix The teletraffic load expected is specified in terms of 36 local service areas (LSA). The traffic loads for the total area are shown in Table 7.1 below. 33o 00' 00'’ N 32o 50' 00'’ N 32o 40' 00'’ N 32o 30' 00'’ N 32o 20' 00'’ N 32o 10' 00'’ N 32o 00' 00'’ N Figure 7.1 – Teletraffic load allocations for service areas. The number in brackets is the service area 7.4 Teletraffic Distribution Traffic can be distributed uniformly or on the basis of morphology throughout the service area. The morphology of a service area is the collection of all natural and man-made structures such as water pools, forests, grassland, roads and buildings. Figure 7.2 gives the distribution factors for the morphology based distribution. Figure 7.2 Traffic distribution factor 8 PROJECT EVALUATION 8.1 Report Contents and Structure A template for the report will be posted on Moodle. However report should not be more than 20 to 25 pages excluding the CelPlanner figures. The report document must be typed and bound appropriately. Each project will be evaluated on the following basis: Understanding of requirements Mastering of the software tool Meeting the QOS requirements Return on investment (ROI) Quality of technical solution Organisation and Quality of report and Components Marks 1) Introduction 5 2) Literature Review 15 3) Cellular Planning process 20 4) Cellular Network design and Solution 30 5) Practical implication 20 6) Discussion and Critique 10 7) Total 100 8) Weighting 25% 8.2 Presentation Components Marks 1) Speaker/presenter i. appearance ii. delivery iii. Time management 10 2) Presentation Structure i. Introduction ii. Body iii. Conclusion 10 3) Coping with Questions/Facilitating discussion 5 4) Demonstration of the Project 10 5) Total 35 6) Weightage 10% 8.3 Submission The report will be due for submission on Monday 5th of June 2017 at 12:00 AM. Extensions: Requests for an extension, accompanied by supporting documentation, must be received by the student in writing before 3 working days from the due date else penalties may apply for late submission without an approved extension. Special consideration form is available on level 6 reception. Penalties: Academic misconduct such as cheating and plagiarism may incur penalties ranging rom a reduced result to program exclusion. 9 REFERENCES The following books are recommended as references for this subject [1] Dharma P. Agrawal, and Qing-An Zeng, “Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Systems”3rd Ed., 2011 [2] Agbinya, J.I and Masihpour M., “Planning of WiMAX and LTE Networks”, in Planning and Optimisation of 3G and 4G Wireless Networks (ed. Agbinya, JI.); ISBN:978-87-92329-24-0; River Publishers, Denmark, 2009. [3] Agbinya,JI “Design Consideration of Mohots and Wireless Chain Networks”, Wireless Personal Communication”, © Springer 2006, Vol. 40. [4] Parsons, J. D., “The Mobile Radio Channel”, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2000 [5] T.S. Rappport, Wireless Communication, 2nd Ed, 2009, Prentic Hall. [6] Lee, William C. Y., "Mobile Cellular Telecommunications: Analog and Digital Systems", second Edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc. [7] CelPlanner User Guide, CelPlanner Manuals [8] CelPlan Technologies, Inc. website www.celplan.com [9] ETSI ETR 364, Digital cellular telecommunications system; Radio network planning aspects (GSM 03.30 version 5.0.0) [10] Mohsin Murtaza and Assoc. Prof Johnson I Agbinya lecture, laboratory and PBL notes.