On computer 1, all instructions take 10nsec to execute. On computer 2, they all take 5nsec to execute. Can you say for certain that computer 2 is faster? Discuss. 2. As one goes down the five-level memory hierarchy, the access time increases. Make a reasonable guess about the ratio of the access time of optical disk to that of register memory. Assume that the disk is already online. 3. Compute the data rate of the human ear from the followinginformation. People can hear frequencies up to 22kHz. To capture all the information in a sound signal at 22kHz, it is necessary to sample the sound at twice that frequency, that is, at 44 kHz. A 16-bit sample is probably enough to capture most of the auditory information (i.e., the ear cannot distinguish more than 65,535 intensity levels). 4. A disk has 4096 bits/sector, 1024 sectors/track and a rotation rate of 7200 RPM. What is the sustained transfer rate of the disk over one track? 5. Imagine you are writing the disk-management part of an operating system. Logically, you represent the disk as a sequence of blocks, from 0 on the inside to some maximum on the outside. As files are created, you have to allocate free sectors. You could do it from the outside in or the inside out. Does it matter which strategy you choose on a modern disk? Explain your answer. 6. How long does it take to read a disk with 10,000 cylinders, each containing four tracks of 2048 sectors? First, all the sectors of track 0are to be read starting at sector 0, then all the sectors of track 1 starting at sector 0, and so on. The rotation time is 10 msec, and a seek takes 1 msec between adjacent cylinders and 20 msec for the worst case. Switching between tracks of a cylindercan be done instantaneously. 7. To be able to fit 133 minutes worth of video on a single-sided single-layer DVD, a fair amount of compression is required. Calculate the compression factor required. Assume that 3.5 GB of space is available for the video track, that the image resolution is 720 x 480 pixels with 24-bit color (RGB at 8 bits each), and images are displayed at 30 frames/sec.