Test 2 Questions (Energy utilization and management)

The road, rail, aviation and marine transport sectors are very significant energy users. Organisations which are not in the those industries, or where transport is not seen as significant in their business, often do not record energy use outside of just general operating costs. Even some of those in the transport sector do not regard energy efficiency as a priority.Significant growth is expected over several decades, road congestion is an ongoing problem, alternative fuels and another airport for London continue to be debated. 1-Discuss the challenges which face us in this area. Give some particular examples in road transport of where change is occurring, or actions for change could be taken. [20 marks]

2-For aviation, what measures might be implemented to improve energy use, or reduce carbon emissions, or both? [5 marks]

[Total: 25 marks] Energy Management(section B)

3-What is the discipline of energy management? Why is it needed, what are its aims and what does it involve? How might it be applied over a range of organisations, from a small shop to a large, energy intensive industry or a chain of supermarkets? What support, documentation and procedures are there to help get measures in place, to make sure usage is accounted for and to maintain a long term commitment to improved performance? For an organisation which has done very little in this context, list and discuss the key steps to be taken to progress from the starting point. This might be where energy bills are just paid and not even checked. [15 marks]

4-What is the meaning of a cost effective energy efficiency measure? Why might payback period be regarded as a poor way of justifying an investment? [5 marks]

5-The CUSUM methodology is an important component for the analysis of energy consumption and performance. Describe and illustrate how the analysis is carried out and presented to show trends in performance. (5)

Refrigeration 6-In an industrial process, or commercial activity, there may be a need for significant cooling at some stage, possibly in several locations. Sketch the layout of a typical refrigerant plant which could provide a secondary refrigerant supply to the process. [10 marks]

7-In terms of energy efficient design for any non-domestic application, which pieces of equipment would you recognise as those that could influence the efficiency or coefficient of performance of the operation? These could be components where there are choices which, for example, you could evaluate and then specify at the design stage. Explain the reasons. [5 marks]

8-Once a plant is installed and operating, this time in a cold store, for example, where would you pay particular attention, as far as maintenance is concerned, to continuing efficient operation? Explain the reasons. [5 marks]

9-How is the Coefficient of Performance of a refrigeration plant defined? For an operational plant there might be problems in accurately measuring this to give practical performance data. Explain. [5 marks]

[Total: 25 marks]