Individual Assignment (max 2500 words) Choose one title from the list below. Deadline: 25 April 2017 1. Outline the major theories put forward to explain why outward FDI from many emerging economies is increasing and provide an assessment of which theory provides the most convincing explanation of this phenomenon. 2. Explain why some large cities in emerging economies receive substantial volumes of FDI whereas other large cities attract much lower FDI flows. 3. Outline the major characteristics of corporate governance systems in MNCs based in advanced economies and compare these systems with corporate governance systems in MNCs based in China or India. 4. Outline the major reasons why MNCs from advanced economies may face problems with liability of foreignness in host locations in emerging economies and highlight major management approaches that could be used to reduce these problems. The assignment must not exceed 2500 words – the abstract and the reference list in the assignments do not count towards the 2500 words. The abstract should not exceed 150 words. Any appendices used in the assignment do not count towards the 2500 words, but appendices should only be used for – large volumes of data and information that is used in support of the arguments and analysis used in the main body of the assignment. All appendices should be referred to in the main body of the assignment. Arguments and analysis in appendices used to answer the questions set in the assignment will not be marked. NB It is crucial that the assignments are based on a wide ranging reading of the relevant literature, and most importantly evidence of critical reflection on the key issues. Assignments that simply have evaluations using ‘standard’ textbook based analytic tools will receive a low mark. It is essential that thought and critical reflection on the literature is used to answer the questions. Data sources for Assignment 2 You should conduct a literature search to discover major literature sources on the topics raised in the questions. Data to support your arguments will normally be obtained by searching internet sources for the latest and most comprehensive data that is available. See section 10 below. Format of assignment The assignment should have the following format. • The assignments should follow the standard format for writing academic papers and have o An abstract that summarises the content of the paper – see examples of abstract in any published academic paper. o An introduction that sets out topics to be discussed in the assignment and a short summary of the main sections in the assignment – NB an introduction is not the same thing as an abstract – see examples of introduction in any published academic paper. o The assignment should follow the structure summarised in the introduction and should have headings for each of the main sections of the assignment – NB do not have a larger number of headings (see example below). o The conclusion should provide a short summary of the major answers that you have provided in the assignment – see examples of conclusions in any published academic paper o A reference list – this should not be a bibliography – all the references in the main body of the assignment should be reference list and all the references in the reference should be referred to in the main body of the assignment. o Any appendices used in the assignment should be at the end of the assignment and by clearly labelled o The assignments should be double spaced with a font size of 12. • The headings should be on the following type. Title Abstract Introduction Heading 1 (first major section discussed in the assignment as summarised in the main sections of the assignment contained in the introduction) Sub-Heading 2 Conclusion Appendices Reference list Referencing There is often confusion between references and bibliographies. NB There should be no bibliography in the assignment. A bibliography is simply a list of material consulted during the research process. References, on the other hand, relate to those texts that are expressly referred to within the text. For example: Bloggs (2012) suggests that European managers are ill prepared for managing across cultures within the new European environment. or Managers are thought ill prepared for cross-cultural management within the new Europe (Bloggs, 2012). This is how the reference should appear in the text of the assignment, and the full reference should appear in the reference list as - Bloggs, J (2012) ‘Cross cultural management in Europe’, European Management Journal, 1(8), pp. 207-234. It is crucial that you reference all sources used in the assignment. Every entry in the reference list must be cited in the text of the report. It is essential that you place any material that you directly quote from published works in quotation marks and put in the page number where the quoted material appears. Quoted material from published work should be referenced as follows – “The technological base in most host countries has often been found to be enhanced by direct foreign investment.” (Smith, et al, 2010, p34). Quoted material from Internet sites should be referenced as follows – “The evidence from World Bank studies indicates that approximately two hundred million Chinese have been removed from $2 a day poverty in the period 1990 to 2004” (Jones, 2006, in www.iie.org/wp108 p45 - access on 12/02/2015). Books and articles that have informed the arguments that you make in your report, but which you do not directly quote, should be referenced as follows The growth of international trade has been found to increase income inequality in some developing countries (Smith and Smith, 2008; Jones and Jones, 2010) and to have adversely affected the growth of the incomes of unskilled workers in developed countries (Smith and Jones, 2007; Brown, et al, 2013). All tables, figures and diagrams that have been taken from published sources must be fully referenced. Any tables, figures and diagrams that have been taken from published sources (that you have modified) should be referenced with the words – based on Smith, et al, 2004, p42. It is important that your assignment is not mainly composed of quoted material from published sources. You should only use quoted material to illustrate the points that you make in your report. The report must be your work not mainly a series of quotes from published sources. You should use the Harvard Referencing System. This requires a citation (partial reference) within the text and a list of full references at the end of the assignment. Harvard is an Author Date system. So the citation shows the name of the author(s) followed by the year of publication, for example: Blundel and Ippolito (2008) suggest that cultural diversity is a valuable feature of society. Or Cultural diversity can create barriers to effective communication (Blundel and Ippolito 2008). Help with completing your assignments Students are reminded that the following important information is published in the ULMS Undergraduate Student Handbook, available on-line at: http://www.liv.ac.uk/management/current-students/ The information includes advice on: • How to reference your work • Lateness penalties • What to do if you require an extension • The marking criteria that will be used for this module • Re-sits. This coursework requires dual submission. You must hand in a hard copy to the Student Support Office (post into the black submission boxes outside the office). You must also submit a soft copy via Turnitin, which is a plagiarism and collusion detection system. If you do not submit to Turnitin your work will not be marked. Failure to submit an identical version via Turnitin compared to your hard copy will attract a penalty of 10 marks. To submit via Turnitin, you go to the assessment area for the module on VITAL and you will find a link for the coursework. Click on View/Complete and then on the “submit” icon for the paper. You are then prompted to submit a title for the paper. Use the “browse” button to locate the file you want to submit, then click “submit”. You will then be asked to confirm that you want to submit by clicking the “Yes, submit” button.” Poor Academic Practice, Cheating and Plagiarism. The work submitted must be your own with all sources drawn on properly attributed. You are strongly advised to read carefully the Code of Practice on Assessment, Appendix L, which deals with Policy for Dealing with Plagiarism, Collusion and Fabrication of Data, which provides a definitive statement of University policy, including penalties. This is available at: http://www.liv.ac.uk/tqsd/pol_strat_cop/cop_assess/appendix_L_cop_assess.pdf You may also, or alternatively, want to look at Appendix L Annex 1, Plagiarism, Collusion and the Fabrication of Data: Guidelines for Staff and Students. This is available at: http://www.liv.ac.uk/tqsd/pol_strat_cop/cop_assess/appendix_L_cop_assess_annex1.pdf The penalties for academic offences can be serious ranging from loss of marks for an assignment, zero for an assignment, zero for a module, suspension of studies for a year and, for very serious offences, termination of studies. It is important that you make sure you are familiar with the policy. A brief guide, which does not replace the official policy, is that you should avoid: Minor errors, such as missing quotation marks when quoting word for word, minor mistakes in references or incomplete reference lists. ULMS policy is a loss of up to 5% of the available marks for the assessment. Poor practice, which includes poor paraphrasing when summarising someone else’s words and inadequate referencing. University policy is that your mark to be reduced to a bare pass. You will also have an academic offence noted on your academic record. Plagiarism, which is passing off other people’s work as your own, which may be by using their words without attribution, passing their idea off as your own or copying and pasting tables, diagrams or images. Copying, which involves copying the work of other students Collusion which involves working with other students to produce the same or substantially the same piece of work and passing the work off as your own individual effort. Collusion may also be with people who are not students on your course. Making up or embellishing data. These offences carry a penalty for the assignment for a first offence and higher penalty for any subsequent offence. The offence will be recorded in your student record. Very serious instances (or repeated offences) of plagiarism, fabrication and collusion (particularly commissioning someone else to write your assignment for you) may lead to suspension or termination of studies. 1. Feedback Feedback on written assignments will be provided on mark sheets. General feedback on the assignments will be provided by a note on the Vital site for the module.   2. Lecture/seminar programme Lectures Lecture block 1 i) Defining the major characteristics of emerging economies ii) Trade and investment flows and emerging economies iii) International business theories and emerging economies Lecture block 2 i) Cultural and institutional distance between advanced and emerging economies ii) Assessing country selection emerging economies iii) Sub-national location (including cities) in emerging economies Lecture block 3 i) Outward FDI from emerging economies. ii) Managing the liabilities of foreignness iii) Corporate governance in emerging economies & corporate social responsibility in emerging economies Seminars ULMS 526 Seminar Programme Seminar 1: Exercise 1 Assess using data from the Internet the major economic and institutional characteristics of the following countries – Brazil, Bulgaria, PR China, Germany, Hong Kong, India, New Zealand, Russia, & South Korea Which of these countries are emerging economies and which advanced economies? What are the major differences in the economic and institutional characteristics of the emerging economies you identified? Exercise 2 Using data from the Internet assess trade and FDI flows between UK and India and the UK and China and discuss which country is more important for UK trade and FDI. Seminar 2 Exercise 1 Using data from the Internet assess the political and economic risk for inward FDI in China, and India and discuss which of these emerging economies has lower risks in these areas Exercise 2 Assess the evolution of patterns of outward FDI from China and Mexico in the last 15 years and discuss possible reasons for the differences in these patterns Seminar 3 Exercise Download paper from http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/gep/documents/conferences/2010/chinaconfningbo2010/lei-li.pdf Use this paper to undertake the following assessments 1. Highlight how Huawei sought to overcome liability of foreignness (local effectiveness) and examine what was useful to achieve local effectiveness. 2. Highlight how TLC sought to overcome liability of foreignness (local effectiveness) and examine what was useful to achieve local effectiveness. 3. Literature There is no set textbook for the module the texts below contain material on emerging economies. The internet is the best means to find a host of articles, reports and data about emerging economies, there also many videos and podcasts available on the topics considered in this module. Guidance on major areas to search for given topics will be provided in the Vital site for the module. Textbooks  Cavusgil, Tamer, S., Ghauri, P.N., & Akcal, A.A., (2013) Doing Business in Emerging Markets, Sage  Ciravegna, L., Fitzgerald, R., Kundu, S. (2013) Operating in Emerging Markets: A Guide to Management and Strategy in the New International Economy, FT Press Students should use Google Scholar and Library search engines to find relevant literature for the topics related to the lectures, seminars and assessments. Guidance on how to search for and use literature can be found on http://www2.open.ac.uk/students/skillsforstudy/finding-appropriate-academic-material.php “The library aims to provide a minimum ratio of one book per ten students for essential texts. But if more copies are needed and funds permit, it can purchase extra copies. The Library needs to find out which books are in greatest demand and you can help by taking these steps: 1) Place a reservation on the book. Once you have the book details on the library catalogue screen, click Request. This means as soon as a copy is returned, you will be notified and can borrow it. It also means that library staff are notified of the demand on the book. 2) Fill in a book suggestion form, talk to staff at the library's information support desks or contact your Liaison Librarian to let us know more copies are needed. The Liaison Librarian for the Management School is Sarah Roughley, [email protected]” 4. Electronic Resources Students should use http://gobaledge.msu.edu to find reports, data on key topics in the module. This site also contains videos and slide presentations with audio commentary on many of the key topics in the module. AcademLibcom free online source containing short outlines on many topics - http://academlib.com/21223/management/strategic_international_management material specifically on EEs is available on - http://academlib.com/21261/management/emerging_country_multinationals#806 There are many Internet based sources of information for this module including –  Videos available on You Tube and other online sources  Podcasts  Definitions and short outlines of key concepts and issues  Databases on relevant to topics covered in the module See material on Vital site for the module for advice on using Internet sources Useful online site for data and information • Doing Business - http://www.doingbusiness.org/ World Bank data and papers on various business costs and institutional reforms in 189 countries (includes sub-national data for some emerging economies) • Vale Columbia Centre - http://www.vcc.columbia.edu/content/publications publications from the Law School of Columbia University on laws, policies, and institutional factors that affect FDI in Emerging Economies • FDI Intelligence - http://www.fdiintelligence.com/ Web site from FT containing reports and data on FDI flows • World Bank sites on institutional systems http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLAWJUSTINST/Resources/IndicatorsGovernanceandInstitutionalQuality.pdf http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTPUBLICSECTORANDGOVERNANCE/0,,contentMDK:20773712~menuPK:433525~pagePK:210058~piPK:210062~theSitePK:286305,00.html Sign-of Frank McDonald Dec 2016   THE ULMS GRADUATE – LEARNING TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE The ULMS graduate is.... ....flexible and adaptable. Our graduates understand that the business world develops and changes quickly, and ULMS will provide them with opportunities to develop the skills needed to be open to the challenges this brings. ....a problem solver. Our graduates are provided with opportunities to develop their critical and analytical skills from the day they join the School. By learning to think creatively, to persevere with an issue and to draw on the resources available to them, our graduates approach difficult situations confident that they can reach a successful outcome and make a difference. ....numerate. Maths is an essential element of all of our programmes and our graduates are confident and competent when using numbers to analyse situations, solve problems and make decisions. ....commercially aware. The teaching at ULMS is drawn from the latest business and management research, ensuring that our graduates understand the environment in which they begin their careers. ....a team player. Our graduates understand the importance of contributing to a team. By contributing to group work our students understand the dynamics of a team and the importance of individual roles and how each can make a difference to achieving a result. .... organised and able to work under pressure. ULMS graduates learn to manage their time carefully during their studies. Our graduates are motivated to learn outside the classroom and are adept at managing deadlines and dealing with conflicting demands upon their time. ...an excellent communicator. The ULMS syllabus requires students to demonstrate their aptitude for communicating throughout their studies. Their skills include writing essays, business reports and case studies, giving presentations, listening to and questioning guest speakers and using negotiating and persuasion skills to argue a point during a class debate. Our graduates understand the difference that effective communication can make to a situation. ....IT literate. Our graduates understand the importance of IT in the modern business environment and ensure that their digital literacy skills are up-to-date in order to use it successfully. They understand how to prepare and analyse spreadsheets, can write reports and use IT to enhance presentations. They are confident users of electronic databases and are skilled at finding and evaluating appropriate and relevant information from electronic sources. ....internationally aware. The ULMS teaching and research community is drawn from around the world and our students are exposed to business ideas and cultures from beyond the UK. Many graduates make the most of international opportunities available to them, from participating in overseas exchanges to participating in international inter-university business games. ....a lifelong learner. ULMS graduates understand that the end of their degree programme does not mean the end of their learning journey. Our students understand the importance of continually building skills and knowledge in order to maintain commercial awareness, to be able to follow a flexible career path and to continue to make a difference throughout their working lives. ....ethically aware. The ULMS teaching, learning and assessment strategy ensures that all graduates are exposed to ideas of business ethics whilst studying and that they have an understanding of the difference business can make in the wider community and across the world.