1 Essay Questions ARW 2017 AUT General instructions Submission time is 11.59pm, Sunday of Week 14 (the 28th May, 2017), via the Final Essay Turnitin link on vUWS. Formatting and literacy requirements are as per the LG. A draft version of this essay is due by Friday the 5th May, 2017 (11.59pm), via its own Turnitin link on vUWS. Students can submit earlier than this, and they can use the Practice Turnitin Link to check their work for Referencing and Literacy standards. Students can build on their previous WTs for the essay, but they cannot just recycle major portions of their own writing. The essay needs to be substantially better, and different: larger portions need to be rephrased and improved. Students are expected to use some or all of the suggested texts on the Reading List (4 minimum, and at least 3 of these must be academic sources), but are also expected to find at least another 2 academic texts (not on the Reading List) which they must use in their response. That is, a student must demonstrate independent research for the essay answer. Therefore, the essay reference list should have at least 6 sources, and these must have been used in the essay explicitly. Students can use source texts from any other topic as part of this research, but a student who locates and uses a quality source text well (not from any topic) will be awarded higher marks. The essay is 1000 words long, plus or minus 10%, and not including the essay question or the Reference List. Quoted material is considered as part of the essay. Extensions need to be negotiated between you and your tutor/Unit Coordinator. The essay will be marked according to the Learning Guide (LG) criteria, and marks will be available on vUWS sometime after week 16, for a few weeks until the vUWS site is taken down for the end of semester. Note that raw grades on GradeCentre are still subject to moderation by UWS, but they are a good indication of whether a student has passed the subject. Any student with SC or an AIP can have a confidential discussion with their UC or tutor for an extension or varied submission requirements. This is the essay question: “If you control language, you control yourself, and you probably control other people too” (Hale & Basides, 2013, p. 88). How does this claim relate to one of the topics? Below are the 9 topics and their suggested Source Texts. 2 1. Feminism and sexist language Suggested List: Crabb, A. (2015, March 7). I'm proud to be a feminist despite my regular lapses. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from: http://www.smh.com.au/comment/annabel-crabb im-proud-to-be-a-feminist-despite-my-regular-lapses-20150305 13wrw2.html#ixzz3mixhKNE2 Fasoli, F., Carnaghi, A., & Paladino, M. P. (2015). Social acceptability of sexist derogatory and sexist objectifying slurs across contexts. Language Sciences, 52, 98-107. Gastil, J. (1990). Generic pronouns and sexist language: The oxymoronic character of masculine generics. Sex roles, 23(11-12), 629-643. Hale, A. & Basides, H. (2013). The Keys to Academic English. Melbourne: Palgrave Macmillan. Kleinman, S. (2002). Why Sexist Language Matters. Qualitative Sociology, 25(2), 299-304. McConnell, A. R., & Fazio, R. H. (1996). Women as men and people: Effects of gender marked language. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(10), 1004-1013. Mills, S. (2008). Language and sexism. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press. Parks, J. B., & Roberton, M. A. (2004). Attitudes toward women mediate the gender effect on attitudes toward sexist language. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 28(3), 233-239. Swim, J. K., & Cohen, L. L. (1997). Overt, Covert, and Subtle Sexism: A Comparison between the Attitudes toward Women and Modern Sexism Scales. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(1), 103-118. Swim, J. K., Mallette, R. & Stangor, C. (2004). Understanding Subtle Sexism: Detection and Use of Sexist Language. Sex Roles, 51(3/4), 117-128. Tumulty, K. (2015, August 10). Donald Trump's history of flippant misogyny becomes part of his brand. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from: 3 http://www.smh.com.au/world/donald-trumps-history-of-flippantmisogyny-becomes part-of-his-brand-20150809-giv7k2.html 4 2. Swearing as offensive language or hate speech Suggested List: Allan, K. & Burridge, K. (2006). Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ecclestone, R. (2008, June 7). Warning: Contains coarse language. The Australian. Retrieved from: http://www.theaustralian.com.au/life/weekend-australian-magazine/warning contains-coarse-language/story-e6frg8h6-1111116556611 Fish, S. E. (1994). There's No Such Thing As Free Speech: And It's a Good Thing, Too. Cary (NC): Oxford University Press. Hale, A. & Basides, H. (2013). The Keys to Academic English. Melbourne: Palgrave Macmillan. Halmari, H. (2011) Political correctness, euphemism, and language change: The case of ‘people first’. Journal of Pragmatics, Vol. 43, 828–840. Hughes, G. (2010). Political Correctness: A History of Semantics and Culture. Chichester (UK): Wiley-Blackwell. Jay, T. (2009). Do offensive words harm people? Psychology, public policy, and law, 15(2), 81-101. Kaye, B. K., & Sapolsky, B. S. (2001). Offensive language in prime time television: Before and after content ratings. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 45(2), 303 319. Rassool, N. (1998). Postmodernity, Cultural Pluralism and the Nation-State: Problems of Language Rights, Human Rights, Identity and Power. Language Sciences, 20(1), 89 99. Waldron, J. (2012). The Harm in Hate Speech. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press. 5 White, R. (2002). Indigenous young Australians, criminal justice and offensive language. Journal of Youth Studies, 5(1), 21-34. 6 3. The ‘aesthetic alibi’: art and satire Suggested List: Carey, J. W. (1992). Political correctness and cultural studies. Journal of Communication, 42(2), 56-72. Gring-Pemble, L., & Watson, M. S. (2003). The rhetorical limits of satire: An analysis of James Finn Garner's politically correct bedtime stories. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 89(2), 132-153. Hale, A. & Basides, H. (2013). The Keys to Academic English. Melbourne: Palgrave Macmillan. Hamad, R. (2015, March 11). Only a group of white men would call themselves Black Pussy. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from: http://www.dailylife.com.au/news-and views/dl-opinion/only-a-group-of-white-men-would-call-themselves-black-pussy 20150310-14042c.html Jay, M. (1992). The Aesthetic Alibi. Salmagundi, 93, 13-25. Lewis, P. (1997). Humor and political correctness. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 10, 453-513. Lockyer, S. & Pickering, M. (Eds.). (2009). Beyond a Joke: The Limits of Humour. Basingstoke (UK): Palgrave Macmillan. Roe, A. (2006). Television Satire, Democracy and the Decay of Public Language: John Clarke's Verbal Caricature. Media International Australia incorporating Culture and Policy, 121(1), 93-104. Saper, B. (1995). Joking in the context of political correctness. Humor: The International Journal of Humor Research, 8(1), 65-67. 7 Selinger-Morris, S. (2011, March 5). A fine line in profanity. The Age. Retrieved from: http://www.theage.com.au/it-pro/a-fine-line-in-profanity-20110304-1bhr7.html Wagg, S. (Ed.). (1998). Because I Tell a Joke or Two: Comedy, Politics and Social Difference. London: Routledge. 8 4. Homophobic language Suggested List: Allan, K. & Burridge, K. (2006). Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. A. (1997). Objectification theory. Psychology of women quarterly, 21(2), 173-206. Guinness, R. (2015, March 24). NSW Waratahs forward Jacques Potgieter fined $20,000 for homophobic slurs against ACT Brumbies. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from: http://www.smh.com.au/rugby-union/union-news/nsw-waratahs-forward jacques-potgieter-fined-20000-for-homophobic-slurs-against-act-brumbies-20150323 1m5wau.html Hale, A. & Basides, H. (2013). The Keys to Academic English. Melbourne: Palgrave Macmillan. Hughes, G. (1998). Swearing: A Social History of Foul Language, Oaths and Profanity in English. London: Penguin. Hyde, C. A., & Ruth, B. J. (2002). Multicultural content and class participation: Do students self-censor?. Journal of Social Work Education, 38(2), 241-256. Korobov, N. (2004). Inoculating Against Prejudice: A Discursive Approach to Homophobia and Sexism in Adolescent Male Talk. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 5(2), 178 189. Poteat, V. P., O'Dwyer, L. M., & Mereish, E. H. (2012). Changes in how students use and are called homophobic epithets over time: Patterns predicted by gender, bullying, and victimization status. Journal of educational psychology, 104(2), 393. 9 Sparrow, R. (2002). Talking sense about political correctness. Journal of Australian Studies, 26(73), 119-131. Waldron, J. (2012). The Harm in Hate Speech. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press. Williamson, I. R. (2000). Internalized homophobia and health issues affecting lesbians and gay men. Health education research, 15(1), 97-107. 10 5. Official uses of ‘coded’ language. Suggested List: Ahluwalia, P., & McCarthy, G. (1998). ‘Political Correctness’: Pauline Hanson and the Construction of Australian Identity. Australian journal of public administration, 57(3), 79-85. Allan, K. & Burridge, K. (2006). Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Flowerdew, J. (2014). Academic discourse. Abingdon (UK): Routledge. Hale, A. & Basides, H. (2013). The Keys to Academic English. Melbourne: Palgrave Macmillan. Halmari, H. (2011). Political correctness, euphemism, and language change: The case of ‘people first’. Journal of Pragmatics, 43(3), 828-840. Loury, G. C. (1994). Self-Censorship in Public Discourse A Theory of “Political Correctness” and Related Phenomena. Rationality and Society, 6(4), 428-461. Milroy, J. & Milroy, L. (2002). Authority in language: Investigating Standard English (4th Edn.). Abingdon (UK): Routledge. Orwell, G. (1946). Politics and the English Language. Retrieved from: http://www.orwell.ru/library/essays/politics/english/e_polit Poole, S. (2006). Unspeak: How words become weapons, how weapons become a message, and how that message becomes reality. London: Little Brown. Sparrow, R. (2002). Talking sense about political correctness. Journal of Australian Studies, 26(73), 119-131. Yoong, M. (2014, October 10). Pull up a chair, we need to talk about sexist language at work. The Conversation. Retrieved from: http://theconversation.com/pull-up-a-chair-we 11 need-to-talk-about-sexist-language-at-work-31869 12 6. Standard and non-Standard Englishes Suggested List: Eades, D. (1992). Aboriginal English and the Law: Communicating with Aboriginal English Speaking Clients: A Handbook for Legal Practitioners. Brisbane: Queensland Law Society. Eades, D. (2007). Understanding Aboriginal silence in legal contexts. In H. Kotthoff, & H. Spencer-Oatey (Eds.), Handbook of Intercultural Communication. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 285-301. Eades, D. (2013). Aboriginal Ways of Using English. Canberra (ACT): Aboriginal Studies Press. Hale, A. & Basides, H. (2013). The Keys to Academic English. Melbourne: Palgrave Macmillan. Kirkpatrick, A. (2007). World Englishes: Implications for international communication and English language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lippi-Green, R. (2012). English with an Accent: Language, Ideology and discrimination in the United States (2nd Edn.). New York: Routledge. Milroy, J. & Milroy, L. (2002). Authority in language: Investigating Standard English (4th ed.). Abingdon (UK): Routledge. Munro, M. J. (2003). A Primer on Accent Discrimination in the Canadian Context. TESL Canada Journal, 20(2), 38-51. Nguyen, B. B. D. (1993). Accent discrimination and the test of spoken English: A call for an objective assessment of the comprehensibility of nonnative speakers. California Law Review, 1325-1361. Tan, A. (1990). Mother Tongue. The Threepenny Review, (43), 7-8. 13 Wiley, T. G., & Lukes, M. (1996). English-only and standard English ideologies in the US. Tesol Quarterly, 511-535. 14 7. Racism Suggested List: Anderson, C. B. (1992). Political Correctness on College Campuses: Freedom of Speech v. Doing the Politically Correct Thing. SMUL Rev., 46, 171. Berman, P. (Ed.). (2011). Debating PC: The controversy over political correctness on college campuses. Delta. Fairclough, N. (2003). ‘Political correctness’: The politics of culture and language. Discourse & Society, 14(1), 17-28. Hale, A. & Basides, H. (2013). The Keys to Academic English. Melbourne: Palgrave Macmillan. Ireland, J. (2016, January 29). Political correctness – a great term to dismiss issues that become too hard or inconvenient. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from: http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-opinion/politicalcorrectness-8211-a great-term-to-dismiss-issues-that-become-too-hard-or-inconvenient-20160128 gmflgo.html Morris, S. (2001). Political correctness. Journal of political Economy, 109(2), 231-265. Norton, M. I., Sommers, S. R., Apfelbaum, E. P., Pura, N., & Ariely, D. (2006). Color blindness and interracial interaction playing the political correctness game. Psychological Science, 17(11), 949-953. Rahman, J. (2012). The N Word: Its History and Use in the African American Community. Journal of English Linguistics, 40(2), 137-171. Sommers, S. R., & Norton, M. I. (2006). Lay theories about White racists: What constitutes racism (and what doesn't). Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 9(1), 117-138. 15 Valentine, J. (1998). Naming the other: Power, politeness and the inflation of euphemisms. Sociological Research Online 3/4. Available from: http://socresonline.org.uk/3/4/7.html Van Boven, L. (2000). Pluralistic ignorance and political correctness: The case of affirmative action. Political Psychology, 21(2), 267-276. 16 8. English as a Global Language Suggested List: Crystal, D. (2003). English as a Global Language (2nd ed.). Cambridge (UK) Cambridge University Press. Evans, N. (2009). Dying Words: Endangered languages and what they have to tell us. Maldon & Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Graddol, D. (2006). The Future of English. Available from: http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/learning-elt-future.pdf Hale, A. & Basides, H. (2013). The Keys to Academic English. Melbourne: Palgrave Macmillan. Hyland, K. (2009). Academic discourse: English in a global context. London: A&C Black Continuum. Jenkins, J. (2006). Current perspectives on teaching world Englishes and English as a lingua franca. Tesol Quarterly, 40(1), 157-181. Jin, L., & Cortazzi, M. (2002). English language teaching in China: A bridge to the future. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 22(2), 53-64. Northrup, D. (2013). How English Became the Global Language. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Nunan, D. (2001). English as a Global Language. TESOL Quarterly, 35(4), 605-606. Rajadurai, J. (2005). Revisiting the concentric circles: Conceptual and sociolinguistic considerations. Asian EFL Journal, 7(4), 111-130. Riddle, S. (2013, June 12). Renaming English: does the world language need a new name? The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from: 17 http://www.smh.com.au/comment/renaming-english-does-the-world-language-need-a new-name-20130611-2o2v5.html Schneider, E. W. (2007). Postcolonial English: Varieties around the world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wiley, T. G., & Lukes, M. (1996). English‐ only and Standard English ideologies in the US. Tesol Quarterly, 30(3), 511-535. 18 9. The politics of Indigenous Australia Suggested List: Cunneen, C. (2001). Conflict, Politics and Crime: Aboriginal Communities and the Police. Sydney: Allen and Unwin. Eades, D. (2000). I don't think it's an answer to the question: Silencing Aboriginal Witnesses in Court. Language in Society, 29(2), 161-195. Grant, S. (2016). Stan Grant's speech on racism and the Australian dream. The Ethics Centre. Available from: http://www.ethics.org.au/on-ethics/blog/january-2016/stan-grant-s speech-on-racism-and-the-australian-d Hale, A. & Basides, H. (2013). The Keys to Academic English. Melbourne: Palgrave Macmillan. Langton, M. (1988). Medicine square [online]. In: Keen, Ian (Ed.). Being Black: Aboriginal Cultures in 'Settled' Australia. Canberra (ACT): Aboriginal Studies Press, 201-225. Available from: http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=393360063445025;res=IELIND Langton, M. (2012). “The Quiet Revolution: Indigenous People and the Resources Boom”. abc.net.au. 2012 Boyer Lectures: Sunday 18 November 2012 - Sunday 2 December 2012. Available from: http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/boyerlectures/2012 boyerlectures/4305696 Lippi-Green, R. (2012). English with an Accent: Language, Ideology and discrimination in the United States (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. Pearson, N. (2014, November 6). Noel Pearson's eulogy for Gough Whitlam in full. The Sydney Morning Herald. Available from: http://www.smh.com.au/comment/noel pearsons-eulogy-for-gough-whitlam-in-full-20141105-11haeu.html 19 Pedersen, A., Beven, J., Walker, I., & Griffiths, B. (2004). Attitudes toward indigenous Australians: The role of empathy and guilt. Journal of community & applied social psychology, 14(4), 233-249. Sutton, P. (2001, November). The politics of suffering: Indigenous policy in Australia since the 1970s. Anthropological Forum, 11(2), 125-173. White, R. (2002). Indigenous Young Australians, Criminal Justice and Offensive Language, Journal of Youth Studies, 5(1), 21-34, doi:10.1080/13676260120111742.