Efficiency : “The rate of doing work or achieving a level of target” Effectiveness : “That level or objective achieved by the work” Four Classical Functions of Management • Planning • Organising • Leading • Controlling Qualities of Manager • Communication • Time Management • Self Confidence • Motivation • Personality • Technical skills • Conceptual Skills • Dynamic Skills Managerial roles by Mintzberg • Figurehead. • Leader. • Liaison. • Monitor. • Disseminator. • Spokesperson. • Entrepreneur. • Disturbance Handler. • Resource Allocator. • Negotiator.