Question 1 If memory is required over a short interval, which type of practice is superior? Question 1 options: Spaced practice Massed practice Intermittent practice Rehearsal practice Save Question 2 Where long-term retention is concerned, which type of practice is superior? Question 2 options: Spaced practice Massed practice Intermittent practice Rehearsal practice Save Question 3 One theory explaining why the distributed-processing effect works states that the spacing between repetitions facilitates memory by increasing the likelihood that each occurrence of a repeated item is stored in a different way in memory. This is called Question 3 options: Study-Phase Retrieval Accounts Deficient-Processing Accounts Encoding-Variability Accounts Multiprocess Accounts Save Question 4 Most mnemonic procedures utilize three memory processes. Which of the follow is NOT one of these? Question 4 options: Imaging Symbolizing Organizing Associating Save Question 5 What types of mnemonics are designed to help remember rules, principles, and procedures? Question 5 options: Keyword mnemonics Peg word mnemonics Link mnemonics Process mnemonics Save Question 6 When information comes into one sensory system (e.g., audition) and produces an effect in another sensory system (e.g., vision), this is called Question 6 options: Schizophrenia The "S mnemonic" Cross-modal transfer Synesthesia Save Question 7 According to Ericsson and his colleagues, which of the following is NOT one of the three general principles for exceptional memory? Question 7 options: Source memory encoding Meaningful encoding Retrieval structure Speedup Save Question 8 If a person cannot recall a word, but is able to retrieve some information about the word (e.g., the first letter, the number of syllables, etc.), this is called the _____ phenomenon. Question 8 options: Pseudo-amnesia Tip-of-the-tongue Edge-of-consciousness Nearly-known Save Question 9 The paradigm wherein a person is asked to judge whether two visually presented stimuli (e.g., letters or three-dimensional shapes) are identical or mirror reflections of each other is called Question 9 options: Mental scanning Mental rotation Imagery effect Picture superiority effect Save Question 10 The hypothesized existence of separate but interconnected verbal and imaginal systems is termed Question 10 options: Verbal-imagery hypothesis Memory-retrieval hypothesis Multiple-processing hypothesis Dual-coding hypothesis Save Question 11 Pavio's Dual Coding theory is consistent with which of the following theories? Question 11 options: Baddley and Hitch's working memory theory Skinner's behavioral theory Craik and Tulvings levels theory Miller's magic number theory Save Question 12 Sometimes people get lost when returning from a destination. The environment looks different coming and going. This can be explained by Question 12 options: Euclidean memory Survey memory Orientation dependence Spatial reference systems Save Question 13 Spatial knowledge is stored in the brain Question 13 options: Hierarchically Neuronally Spatially Intrinsically Save Question 14 Speakers of Western languages tend to preserve _____ spatial relationships when reproducing a pattern from the opposite side. Question 14 options: Egocentric Environmental Isotonic Bilateral Save Question 15 Recent experiments have shown that _____ perform better than ____ on tasks that require memory of the locations and identities of objects Question 15 options: Males; females Females; males Dogs; cats Cats; dogs Save Question 16 Recent experiments have shown that _____ perform better than _____ on tasks that require keeping track of orientation in large-scale environments. Question 16 options: Males; females Females; males Dogs; cats Cats; dogs Save Question 17 When you walk into a classroom and see chairs, desks, and a computer at the front of the classroom, chances are you will go sit in a chair and face the front of the classroom while waiting for the class to start, even though you have never seen this particular classroom. The reason you do this is because you have a _____ of a classroom. Question 17 options: Category Concept Representation Image Save Question 18 Categories are not as neat and obvious as they seem. Many items are thought to be either barely part of, or barely not part of, category. These borderline items illustrate the concept of Question 18 options: Psychological Categories Almost-there Categories Borderline Categories Fuzzy Categories Save Question 19 A category prototype is a(n) _____ member of a category. Question 19 options: Borderline Incidental Typical Atypical Save Question 20 The family resemblance theory would predict that which of the following would be called to mind most quickly when the category "bird" is primed? Question 20 options: Penguin Ostrich Ostrich Robin Save Question 21 In terms of categorization, people generally have a preference for the _____ level when referring to an object. Question 21 options: Superordinate Basic Subordinate Nominal Save Question 22 _____ categories are especially difficult for young children to fully acquire. Question 22 options: Superordinate Basic Subordinate Nominal Save Question 23 Experts in a field often prefer using _____ categories. Question 23 options: Superordinate Basic Subordinate Nominal Save Question 24 The theory that states that concepts are represented as a set of weighted features is the Question 24 options: Representativeness theory Exemplar theory Prototype theory Weighted features theory Save Question 25 The theory that states that concepts are represented by many examples is the Question 25 options: Representativeness theory Exemplar theory Prototype theory Weighted features theory Save Question 26 Psychological essentialism tends NOT to apply to which of the following Question 26 options: Animals Artifacts Minerals Plants Save Question 27 Which of the following is an example of the birth of a new language, created by children? Question 27 options: Haitian Sign Language Nicaraguan Sign Language Columbian Sign Language American Sign Language Save Question 28 When interlocutors share a set of knowledge, this is referred to as Question 28 options: Common ground Typical features General knowledge Common knowledge Save Question 29 More than 90% of conversations occur in groups of ____ individuals or fewer. Question 29 options: 6 5 4 3 Save Question 30 In language, when one concept reminds us of another related concept, this is called Question 30 options: Priming Associating Relating Connecting Save Question 31 When naturally occurring conversations are observed, about _____ % turns out to be gossip. Question 31 options: 20 40 60 80 Save Question 32 Stereotypes are part of the _____ people share. Question 32 options: Common ground Typical features General knowledge Common knowledge Save Question 33 Lyubomirsky, Sousa, and Dickerhoof (2006) found that when people write and talk about negative past life events, their psychological well-being _____; when thinking about negative past events, their psychological well-being _____. Question 33 options: Increased; increased Decreased; decreased Increased; decreased Decreased; increased Save Question 34 Language _____ thought. Question 34 options: Determines Influences Predicts Belies Save Question 35 Cultures that often drop the pronoun in sentences tend to be more _____ in nature. Question 35 options: Pre-lingual Indigenous Individualistic Collectivist Save Question 36 ( The ability to draw upon several sources of information and use all of these sources of information to analyze a concept is known as ______. Question 36 options: Working memory Cognition Executive function Information processing Save