• Name: NAGA SEKHAR REDDY .B • Class:3G4 • Date:13-12-2016 • 1st Draft ORGAN REPLACEMENT Introduction • Organ replacement - surgical removal of healthy organ from one person and its transplantation into another person whose organ has failed / injured • It is often - lifesaving & gives the recipient a wonderful new lease on life. • Organ replacement possibility – same person’s body / different bodies • Replacement perform– same species • Face transplant - medical procedure to replace person's face using tissue from a cadaver • Invented in – mid of 20th century • Organs which can be transplant – kidney / liver / heart / pancreata / lungs / intenstine / heart- lungs etc. • Common replacement = pancreas + kidney. • Organ replacement requires – matching of blood type + size of the organ • More than 1, 00,000 people are waiting for → kidney transplantation. • Particular time span is present in – organ replacement e.g. heart remains in open environment for more than 4 hours cannot be used for → organ replacement. Hook • First successful face transplant was carried in France - 2005 • First successful kidney transplant – 1954 by Dr. Joseph E. Murray in Brigham & Women's Hospital • First successful pancreas / kidney transplant – 1966 by Drs. Richard Lillehei, William Kelly • First successful liver transplant – 1967 by Dr. Thomas Starzl • First successful living-related liver transplant – 1989 by Dr. Christoph Broelsch • First successful living-related lung transplant – 1990 by Dr. Vaughn A ("Learn about the History of Transplant - OPTN", 2016) Thesis This report will examine the causes and effects of face transplantation and organ replacements. Body Paragraph 1 Topic sentence Organ replacement can put positive impact on the human body and can increase the quality of life and causes for Face Transplants. Causes: • Treating → patients – end-stage organ diseases. • Rectifying the damaged organ. • Need for tissue + organs out weights their availability. • Development of other medical problems. • Wound healing problems • When the face has been destroyed through trauma or disease. function of remaining tissues are all of the major components, such as lips, jaws, eyelids, and nose still intact. Effects: • Solid organ transplantation → saves life + improves quality of life. • Renal transplantation ↑ patient survival over dialysis. • Best therapy – irreversible + terminal organ failure. • Organ replacement → complete satisfaction – patients • Excellent results – young adults + children. • Organ transplantation → second chance – life. • No need – depend on costly routine treatments to survive. • Replacement of organ → normal lifestyle. • Saves – patients affected by – terminal organ failures. • Incompatibility of – organs → immediate loss - human life. (Burra & De Bona, 2016) Body Paragraph 2 Topic sentence Organ replacement has led to an adverse effect on human body and can possibly result in social and ethical issues and effects of Face Transplantation. Effects: • Firstly - Organ functionality is ↓ • Secondly - Intake of – wrongly prescribed medicines + drugs. • Thirdly - Constraints due to political + ethical + social aspects. • Consequently - The organ’s functions may start to ↓ • There is ↓ comfort, ↑ uneasiness and ill feeling • Face transplant → swelling or pain → organ • Transplantation of body organ can → ↑ blood sugar • Shortness of breath + ↓ ability to exercise • Drugs which are taken ↓ the functionality of immune system. • Effect - entire body instead of - transplanted organ. • The side effects may vary depending → combination of post-transplant drugs used. • Replacement – body organ - ↑ weight. • Face transplant → problems based on → social + political + ethical grounds. References 1. Cold, F., Health, E., Disease, H., Management, P., Conditions, S., & Problems, S. et al. (2016). Dealing with Side Effects After Face Transplant. WebMD. Retrieved 10 December 2016, from http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/life-after-transplant-dealing-side-effects 2. Grinyo, J. (2016). Why Is Organ Transplantation Clinically Important?. Retrieved 10 December 2016, from 3. Burra, P. & De Bona, M. (2016). Retrieved 10 December 2016, from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1432-2277.2006.00440.x/pdf 4. The Face Transplant Process | organdonor.gov. (2016). Organdonor.gov. Retrieved 10 December 2016, from http://organdonor.gov/about/process/transplant-process.html 5. Learn about the History of Transplant - OPTN. (2016). Optn.transplant.hrsa.gov. Retrieved 10 December 2016, from https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/learn/about-transplantation/history/ 6. LifeCenter Northwest - Working together to save lives through organ and tissue donation. (2016). Lcnw.org. Retrieved 10 December 2016, from http://www.lcnw.org/donation/organs-tissues-for-transplant/ 7. What You Need to Know About Organ Transplants. (2016). WebMD. Retrieved 10 December 2016, from http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/organ-transplant-overview#1