1 HIST1051: THE AUSTRALIAN EXPERIENCE ESSAY QUESTIONS 2017 Choose ONE of the following questions for your Essay Plan assignment, which you will then write up as the Major Essay. You must use and reference: • THREE sources in the Essay Plan • A minimum of SIX sources in your Major Essay Please note: For each question we have indicated where you might find some useful sources. These are hints only, and by no means exhaustive. Once you decide which question you will answer, please check availability of these sources through the library catalogue. In particular, there may be additional books available online, as this can change regularly. There may be items that have been removed from online availability, for copyright reasons. Or, there may be books in high demand, which are not always available. It is your responsibility to make sure you can access material to complete your assignment. One way to help to ensure that this is the case is not to wait until the last minute for either assessment task. For help with your research, consider the ‘Book a Librarian’ service. When choosing your topic, consider the Sharon Grierson Newcastle History Essay Prize, which is awarded annually to the student who has received the highest grade for a Major Essay submission in HIST1051 that incorporates research specifically on Newcastle history. If your question allows you to select a local angle, you will be considered for this prize. Suitable questions are 1, 5, 14 and 19. Please check in with Nancy Cushing ([email protected]), Course Coordinator at Ourimbah, for further advice on sources and approaches for Newcastle topics. 1. Describe early contact between Indigenous Australians and colonists in one region (which could include Newcastle and the Hunter Region). What occurred? How does the nature of this first contact, violent or otherwise, compare with other first contact encounters documented by historians? Barlow, Alex. Heroes of the Aboriginal struggle. Melbourne: Macmillan, 1987. Blyton, Greg. ‘Aboriginal guides of the Hunter Region’. History Australia, vol. 9, no. 3, 2012, 89-106. [online journal] Blyton, Greg, Heitmeyer, Deidre and Maynard, John. Wannin thanbarran: a history of Aboriginal and European contact in Muswellbrook and the Upper Hunter Valley. Muswellbrook: Muswellbrook Shire Aboriginal Reconciliation Committee, 2004. Broome, Richard. Aboriginal Australians: A history since 1788. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2010. [ebook] Clendinnen, Inga. Dancing With Strangers: Europeans and Australians at First Contact. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. [e-book] 2 Goodall, Heather. Invasion to Embassy: Land in Aboriginal Politics 1788-1988, Sydney, Allen & Unwin and Black Books, 1996 (and other editions) Karskens, Grace. The Colony: A History of Early Sydney. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2009. [ebook] McIntyre, J.‘“Bannelong sat down to dinner with Governor Phillip, and drank his wine and coffee as usual”: Aborigines and wine in early New South Wales’, History Australia vol. 5, no. 2, 2008: 39.1-39.14. [online journal] Newbury, Paul (ed). Aboriginal Heroes of the Resistance: from Pemulwuy to Mabo. Sydney: Action for World Development (NSW Inc.), 1999. Reynolds, Henry. The Other Side of the Frontier: Aboriginal resistance to the European Invasion of Australia. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2006 [And various other editions available in UoN libraries] Reynolds, Henry. With the White People. Melbourne: Penguin, 1990. Turner, J. and Blyton, G. The Aboriginals of Lake Macquarie: A brief history. Lake Macquarie: Lake Macquarie City Council, 1995. [There are multiple copies in the UoN libraries, including in Cultural Collections where you can sit and read it but not borrow it.] Virtual Sourcebook for Aboriginal Studies in the Hunter Region Guide at http://libguides.newcastle.edu.au/content.php?pid=94330&sid=705019 (choose from under the tabs marked 18th century or 1800-1819). [primary sources] 2. On what basis did the British crown take possession of Australia? Was (is) the British claim to Australia valid? Which groups could have contested the British claim and why? Cook, James. ‘Official Log’ reprinted in C. M. H. Clark (ed), Select Documents in Australian History, 1788-1850.Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1955, pp. 25-56. [primary source] Day, David. Claiming a Continent. Sydney: Harper Collins, 2000, pp. 21-32. [eresource] Berndt, Ronald & Berndt, Catherine, The Speaking Land: Myth and Story in Aboriginal Australia.Ringwood, Vic.: Penguin, 1989. Blainey, Geoffrey. Sea of Dangers: Captain Cook and his Rivals.Melbourne: Viking, 2008. (See especially ‘Postscript: Who was the Discoverer?’) Blainey, Geoffrey. The Tyranny of Distance: How Distance Shaped Australia’s History Melbourne: Sun Books, 1983). Bourke, C. & E. and B. Edwards (eds), Aboriginal Australia: An introductory reader in Aboriginal studies. Brisbane: UQP, 1994. Broome, Richard. Aboriginal Australians: A history since 1788. (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 2010. [ebook] Clark, Philip. Where the Ancestors Walked: Australia as an Aboriginal Landscape (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2003). Connor, Michael. The Invention of Terra Nullius: Historical and legal Fictions on the Foundation of Australia. Sydney: Macleay Press, 2005, ch.11. 3 Davenport, Sue et al. Cleared Out: First Contact in the Western Desert. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 2005. Estensen, Miriam. Discovery: The Quest for the Great South Land.(Sydney.: Allen & Unwin, 1998. Healy, C. ‘Captain Cook: Between Black and White’, S. Kleinert & M Neale (eds.), The Oxford Companion to Aboriginal Art and Culture. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 2000, pp.92-95. Keen, Ian. Aboriginal Economy and Society: Australia at the Threshold of Colonisation.Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford University Press, 2004. Kolig, E. ‘Captain Cook in the Western Kimberleys’, in R M & C H Berndt (eds.), Aborigines of the West: their past and their present. Perth: University of Western Australia Press, 1980, pp. 274-282 . Langton, M, M Tehan, L Palmer and K Shaw (eds.), Honour Among Nations? Treaties and agreements with Indigenous People. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2004. [ebook] Lawlor, R. Voices of the First Day: Awakening in the Aboriginal dreamtime Vermont: Inner Traditions, 1991. McIntyre, K., The Secret Discovery of Australia. Medindie, S.A.: Souvenir Press, 1977. Mackinolty, C, & P Wainburranga, ‘Too Many Captain Cooks’, in T Swain & D Rose, Aboriginal Australians and Christian Missions: ethnographic and historical studies Bedford Park, S. Aust.: Australian Association for the Study of Religions, 1988, pp.355-36 . Martin, G (ed), The Founding of Australia: the argument about Australia’s origins. Sydney: Hale & Iremonger, 1978. [some chapters available on via library catalogue as eresource] Moreton-Robinson, Aileen (ed), Sovereign Subjects: Indigenous Sovereignty Matters. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2007. Neumann, K., N. Thomas & H. Ericksen (eds.), Quicksands: Foundational histories in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. Sydney: UNSW Press, 1999. Nugent, M, Botany Bay: Where Histories Meet Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2005. [ebook] Reynolds, Henry, Fate of A Free People. Melbourne: Penguin, 1995. Robertson, Jillian, The Captain Cook Myth. London: Angus & Robertson, 1981, see esp. 6367. [eresource] Rose, Deborah Bird, ‘The Saga of Captain Cook’, Australian Aboriginal Studies 2, 1984, pp. 24-39. [eresource] Rose, Deborah Bird, Hidden Histories: black stories from Victoria River Downs, Humbert River and Wave Hill Stations. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 1991. (Chapter 2). Sahlins, Marshall, How ‘Natives’ Think: About Captain Cook, for Example. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995. [ebook] Stanner, W E H. White Man Got No Dreaming: Essays 1938-1973. Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1979. Swain, Tony, A Place for Strangers: Towards a history of Australian Aboriginal being, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. 4 Thomas, N., Possessions: Indigenous Art/Colonial Culture. New York: Thames & Hudson, 1999. [ebook] 3. How have historians’ opinions on why New South Wales was colonised in 1788 changed over time? Taking these changing views into consideration, which do you think was the more important motivation, convict dumping or the expansion of empire? Lord Sydney to the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, 18th August 1786, reprinted in Martin Crotty and Erik Eklund eds, Australia To 1901: Selected Readings in the Making of a Nation (Melbourne: Tertiary Press, 2003), pp. 93-94. [primary source] Also available online through the University of Wellington http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-McN01Hist-t1-b3-d3.html Atkinson, Alan. ‘The First Plans for Governing New South Wales, 1788-87’, Australian Historical Studies, vol. 24, issue 94, 1990, p.22-40. [online journal] Blainey, Geoffrey, The Tyranny of Distance: How Distance Shaped Australia’s History. Revised edition. (Melbourne: Sun Books, 1983). Clark, CMH, A History of Australia. Volume 1: From the earliest times to the age of Macquarie (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1962). Clarke, FG. Australia: A Concise Political and Social History (Oxford: Oxford University Press,1989), p.13-31. Dallas, K. M., Trading Posts or Penal Colonies (Hobart: Fullers Bookshop, 1969). Day, David, Claiming a Continent (Sydney: Harper Collins, 2000) (Especially Chapter 3). Frost, Alan. Botany Bay: The Real Story. Melbourne: Black Inc, 2011. Frost, Alan, Convicts and Empire: A Naval Question. 1776-1811 (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1980). Frost, Alan, Botany Bay Mirages: Illusions of Australia’s Convict Beginnings (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1994, see especially Chapter Five, A Fit of Absence of Mind. Gare, Deborah and David Ritter, eds., Making Australian History: Perspectives on the past since 1788 (Melbourne: Thomson Learning Australia, 2008) Section 2, ‘Outpost of Empire’. Gillen, M. ‘The Botany Bay Decision 1786: Convicts not Empire’, English Historical Review, vol. 97, no. 385, 1982, pp.740-766. [online journal] Hughes, Robert, The Fatal Shore: A history of the transportation of convicts to Australia, 1787-1868 (London: Pan Books, 1988). Mackay, D. ‘Far-flung Empire: a neglected imperial outpost at Botany Bay, 1788-1801’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, vol. 9, no. 2, 1981, p.125-45. [online journal] Martin, Ged (ed.) The Founding of Australia: The argument about Australia’s origins (Sydney: Hale and Ironmonger, 1978). [some chapters available on via library catalogue as eresource] Shaw, AGL. Convicts and the Colonies (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1977). 5 Steven, M. Trade, tactics and territory: Britain in the Pacific, 1783-1823 (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1983). Tench, Watkin, Sydney’s First Four Years (Sydney: Library of Australian History, 1979). [primary source] 4. “They are all of them, with scarcely an exception, drunken and abandoned prostitutes”, Report from the Select Committee on Transportation, 1838. Consider the views that elite men held about convict women in the convict period (1788 – 1853). On what were they based? How accurate were their representations? Sir William Molesworth, Report from the Select Committee on Transportation, 1838 [available online through State Library of Victoria [primary source. http://search.slv.vic.gov.au/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=MAIN&do cId=SLV_VOYAGER1260288&fn=permalink] Damousi, J. Depraved and Disorderly. Female convicts, sexuality and gender and colonial Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. [ebook] Damousi, J. 'Depravity and disorder': the sexuality of convict women', Labour History, no. 68, May 1995, p.30-45 [online journal] Daniels, K. Convict Women. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1998. Grimshaw, P et al, Creating A Nation. Melbourne: McPhee Gribble, 1994. Esp. chapters 2 and 3. Oxley, D. ‘Packing her (economic) bags: convict women workers), Australian Historical Studies, vol. 26, issue 102, 1994, 57-76. [online journal] Oxley, D. Convict Maids. The forced migration of women to Australia. Cambridge: CUP, 1996. [chapter 8 available as an eresource] Oxley, D. “Counting the Convicts”, In Making Australian History, edited by Deborah Gare and David Ritter. Melbourne: Thomson, 2008, 114-121. Quartly, M. 'Bending the Bars: Convict Women and the State', in K Saunders and R Evans, Gender Relations in Australia: domination and negotiation. Sydney: HBJ, 1992. Quartly, M. et al (eds). Freedom Bound. Volume I: Documents on women in Colonial Australia. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1994. [primary source] Radi, H. (ed.) 200 Australian Women. Sydney: Women’s Redress Press, 1988, see Margaret Catchpole, Mary Reibey, Maria Lord, Catherine Henrys. P Robinson, Women of Botany Bay. Ringwood: Penguin, 1988. Smith, B. A Cargo of Women. Susannah Watson and the Convicts of the Princess Royal. Sydney: UNSW Press, 1988. Sturma, M. 'Eye of the Beholder: the stereotype of female convicts 1788-1852', Labour History, 34, May 1978. [online journal] Summers, A. Damned Whores and God's Police. Melbourne: Penguin, 1994. 6 5. Popular views of convicts imagine them always working under the threat of the lash. What techniques and practices were put in place to manage convicts? Were the convict colonies places of unrelieved brutality? You may look at convicts generally, the experiences of either male or female convicts OR convicts in a specific location, such as Newcastle, which was the first site of secondary punishment to which convicts could be sentenced in the colony. Be sure to consider change over time. Denholm, D. ‘Port Arthur: The Men and the Myth’, Historical Studies, vol. 14, no. 55, October 1970 [in hard copy in the library]. Damousi, J. ‘What punishment will be sufficient for these rebellious hussies?': Headshaving and convict women in the female factories, 1820s/ 1840s’ in Representing Convicts: New Perspectives on Convict Forced Labour Migration. I Duffield and J Bradley (eds). London: Leicester University Press, 1997. Damousi, J. Depraved and Disorderly. Female convicts, sexuality and gender and colonial Australia. Cambridge: CUP, 1997. [ebook] Evans, R. and B. Thorpe. ‘Power, Punishment and Penal Labour: Convict Workers and Moreton Bay, Australian Historical Studies, Vol. 25, no 98, April 1992. [online journal] Evans, R and B Thorpe. ‘Commanding Men: Masculinities and the Convict Sydney’, Journal of Australian Studies, no 56, 1998. [online journal] Ford, Lisa and David Andrew Roberts. ‘Legal Change, Convict Activism and the Reform of Penal Relocation in Colonial New South Wales: The Port Macquarie Penal Settlement, 1822–26. Australian Historical Studies 46. 2 (2015): 174-190. Gilchrist, Catie. 'This relic of the cities of the plain': penal flogging, convict morality and the colonial imagination’, Journal of Australian Colonial History, v.9, 2007, pp1-28 [online journal] Hirst, John. Convict Society and Its Enemies: A History of Early New South Wales. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1983. [ebook] Hirst, John. Sense and Nonsense in Australian History. Melbourne: Black Inc, 2009. [ebook] See chapter on ‘Convict Society’. Hughes, Robert. The Fatal Shore: A History of the Transportation of Convicts to Australia. New York: Pan, 1987, especially 426-37; 543-551. Neal, D. ‘Free Society, Penal Colony, Slave Society, Prison?’, Historical Studies, vol. 22, no. 88, October 1987. [in hard copy in the library] Maxwell-Stewart, H. ‘Convict Workers, Penal Labour and Sarah Island: Life at Macquarie Harbour’, in Representing Convicts: Convicts: New Perspectives on Convict Forced Labour Migration. I Duffield and J Bradley (eds). London: Leicester University Press, 1997. [eresource] Maxwell-Stewart, Hamish. Closing Hell’s Gates: The Death of a convict station. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 2008. Maxwell-Stewart, Hamish. Chain Letters: Narrating Convict Lives. Melbourne:: Melbourne University Press, 2001. McKenzie, Kirsten. Scandal in the Colonies: Sydney and Cape Town, 1820-1850. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2004. 7 McKenzie, Kirsten. A Swindler’s Progress: Nobles and Convicts in the Age of Liberty. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2009. Nunn, Cameron. ‘Juveniles as Human Capital: Re-evaluating the Economic Value of Juvenile Male Convict Labour.’ Labour History Vol. 108, May 2015, 53-69. O'Connor, Tamsin. ‘Buckley's Chance: Freedom and hope at the penal settlements of Newcastle and Moreton Bay’. Tasmanian Historical Studies 6, 2 (1999): 115-128. Rao, A. and S.D. Pierce. ‘Discipline and the Other Body: Correction, Corporeality and Colonial Rule’, Interventions, vol. 3, no. 2, 2001. [online journal] Roberts, David, A. and Daniel Garland. ‘The Forgotten Commandant: James Wallis and the Newcastle Penal Settlement, 1816-1818.’ Australian Historical Studies, 41, 1 (2010), 5-24. Starr, Fiona. ‘An Archaeology of improvisation: Convict artefacts from Hyde Park Barracks, Sydney, 1819-1848.’ Australasian Historical Archaeology 33, 2015, 37-54 Turner, John. Newcastle as a Convict Settlement the evidence before J. T. Bigge in 18191821. Newcastle Public Library, 1973. 6. Is the violence that developed between British colonists and Aboriginal people on the Australian colonial frontier best described as a case of ‘war’ or was it made up of a series of individual acts? What are the implications of each interpretation? Attwood, Bain and Stephen G. Foster (eds.), Frontier Conflict: the Australian experience Canberra: National Museum of Australia, 2003, pp. 169-174. Bottoms, Timothy, Conspiracy of Silence: Queensland’s Frontier Killing-Times. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 2013. [ebook] Broome, Richard. Aboriginal Australians: A history since 1788. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2010. [ebook] Broome, Richard, ‘The struggle for Australia: Aboriginal-European warfare, 1770– 1930’, in Michael McKernan and Margaret Browne (eds.), Australia: two centuries of war and peace. Canberra: Australian War Memorial and Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1988, pp. 92–120. [eresource] Burke, H. A. Roberts, M. Morrison, V. Sullivan and the River Murray and Mallee Aboriginal Corporation. ‘The space of conflict: Aboriginal/European interactions and frontier violence on the western Central Murray, South Australia, 1830-41.’ Aboriginal History Vol. 40, 2016, 145-179. Clements, Nicholas, The Black War: Fear, Sex and Resistance in Tasmania. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 2014. [ebook] Connor, John, Australian Frontier Wars 1788–1838. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2002. Connors, Libby. Warrior: A Legendary Leader’s Dramatic Life and Death on the Colonial Frontier. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2015. Connors, Libby, ‘Witness to frontier violence: an Aboriginal boy before the Supreme Court, Australian Historical Studies vol. 42 , no. 2, 2011, pp. 230-43. [online journal] Elder, Bruce, Blood on the Wattle: Massacres and Maltreatment of Aboriginal Australians since 1788. Sydney: New Holland, 2003. 8 Foster, Robert, ‘Don’t mention the war’: frontier violence and the language of concealment’, History Australia, vol. 6, no. 3, 2009, 1-15. [online journal] Foster, Robert, Rick Hosking & Amanda Nettelbeck, Fatal Collisions: the South Australian frontier and the violence of memory. Adelaide: Wakefield Press, 2001. [ebook] Kerkhove, Ray, Tribal alliances with broader agendas? Aboriginal resistance in southern Queensland's 'Black War', Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2014, pp. 38-62. [online journal] Moses, Dirk (ed), Genocide and Settler Society: Frontier violence and stolen indigenous children in Australian history. New York: Berghahan Books, 2005. [ebook] Newbury, Paul (ed). Aboriginal Heroes of the Resistance: from Pemulwuy to Mabo. Sydney: Action for World Development (NSW Inc.), 1999. Reynolds, Henry, Why Weren’t We Told. Melbourne: Viking, 1999, pp. 169-184. Reynolds, Henry, The Other Side of the Frontier. Carlton: Penguin Ringwood, 1982. Reynolds, Henry, Forgotten War. Sydney: New South Publishing, 2013. [ebook] Richards, Jonathan. The Secret War: A True History of Queensland’s Native Police. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 2008. Ryan, Lyndall, ‘Untangling Aboriginal resistance and the settler punitive expedition: the Hawkesbury River frontier in New South Wales, 1794-1810, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 15, issue 2, 2013, pp. 219-32. [online article] Ryan, Lyndall. Tasmanian Aborigines, A History since 1803 (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 2012. 7. Aboriginal Australians have lived on this continent for more than 50 000 years and developed hundreds of languages, a variety of belief systems and a wide range of ways of making a living. What evidence do we have of the continuation of Indigenous cultures and how they were adapted to coexist with European society in the nineteenth century? Why has the focus tended to be on the destruction of Aboriginal society? Boyce, James. 1835. The Founding of Melbourne and the Conquest of Australia. Melbourne: Black Inc., 2011 Boyce, James. Van Diemen’s Land. Melbourne: Black Inc., 2008. Broome, Richard. Aboriginal Australians: A history since 1788. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2010. [ebook] Cameron, Patsy. Grease and Ochre: The Blending of two cultures on the colonial frontier. Launceston: Fullers Bookshop, 2011. Conor, Liz. Skin deep: Settler impressions of Aboriginal women. Perth: University of Western Australia Publishing, 2016. Gammage, Bill. The Greatest Estate on Earth: How Aborigines Made Australia. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2011. Hallam, Sylvia J. Fire and Hearth: Karla yoorda: A study of Aboriginal usage and European usurpation in south-western Australia. Perth: UWA Publishing, 2014. Koch, Harold and Luise Hercus, eds. Aboriginal Placenames: Naming and re-naming the Australian landscape. Canberra: ANU Press. [ebook] Lydon, Jane (ed.). Calling the Shots: Aboriginal photographies. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 2014. 9 Maynard, John and Victoria Haskins. Living with the Locals: Early Europeans' experience of indigenous life. Canberra: NLA Publishing, 2016. Nanni, Giordano and Andrea James, Coranderrk: We will show the country. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 2013. Nettelbeck, Amanda, Russel Smandych, Louis A Knafla, and Robert Foster. Fragile Settlements: Aboriginal peoples, law, and resistance in south-west Australia and prairie Canada. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2015. Pascoe, Bruce. Dark Emu. Black Seeds: Agriculture or Accident. Broome: Magabala Books Aboriginal Corporation, 2014. Reynolds, Henry. The Other Side of the Frontier, Carlton: Penguin Ringwood, 1982. Reynolds, Henry. With the White People. Melbourne: Penguin, 1990. Rowse, Tim. White Flour, White Power: From Rations to Citizenship in Central Australia. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Russell, Lynette. Roving Mariners: Australian Aboriginal Whalers and sealers in the Southern Oceans, 1790 – 1870. New York: SUNY Press, 2012. Ryan, Lyndall. Tasmanian Aborigines, A History since 1803. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 2012. 8. Describe attitudes towards the Chinese on the gold fields in the 1850s. Why were the Chinese seen as such a threat? ‘A Description of the Riot at Lambing Flat. July 1861’, in Select Documents in Australian History Volume II 1951-1900. CMH Clark (ed.) Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1955, p.71-4. [primary source. Available as eresource] Blainey, G. The Rush that Never Ended: A History of Australian Mining. Melbourne: MUP, 1978, pp.46-58. Couchman, Sophie and Bagnall, Kate. ‘Introduction: Chinese Australians: politics, engagement and activism.’ Special Issue of Journal of Chinese Overseas, 9, 2013, 99106. [online journal] Cronin, K. Colonial Casualties: Chinese in Early Victoria. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1982 Crotty, Martin. ‘The gold rushes and the Chinese’ in Australia to 1901: selected readings in the making of a nation, eds Martin Crotty, Erik Eklund. Melbourne: Tertiary Press, 2003. [eresource] Curthoys, A. ‘An Uneasy Conversation’, in J Docker & G Fischer (eds), Race, Colour & Identity in Australia and New Zealand, 2000, pp.21-36 Curthoys, A, and A Markus (eds). Who Are Our Enemies? Racism and the Australian Working Class. Neutral Bay: Hale and Iremonger, 1978 Curthoys, A, ‘Racism and class in the nineteenth-century immigration debate’, in A Markus and M C Ricklefs (eds), Surrender Australia?, George Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1985, pp.94-100 Curthoys, A. ‘Men of all nations, except Chinamen’: Europeans and Chinese on the goldfields of New South Wales', in McCalman, I, A Cook and A Reeves (eds). Gold: Forgotten Histories and Lost Objects of Australia. Cambridge: CUP 2001. [chapter 6 eresource] 10 Day, D. 'Buried in a countless throng of Chinamen', in Claiming a Continent: A New History of Australia. Sydney: Harper Collins, 2001, p.91-104. [eresource] Denoon, D, et al. ‘Chapter 7: Mining’, A History of Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific, Oxford: Blackwell, 2000. Fitzgerald, John. Big White Lie: Chinese Australians in White Australia, Sydney: UNSW Press, 2007. [ebook] Gittins, Jean. The Diggers from China: The Story of the Chinese on the Goldfields. Melbourne: Quartet Books, 1981. Goodman, D. Gold Seeking: Victoria and California in the 1850s. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1994. [short loan] Jones, P, Research guide: Chinese-Australian Journeys: records on travel, migration & settlement. Canberra: National Archives of Australia, 2005 [Available online through http://guides.naa.gov.au/content/20141219-Guide021_tcm48-54599.pdf] Keesing, N. History of the Australian gold rushes, by those who were there. Hawthorn: Lloyd O'Neil, 1971. Lake, M & Reynolds, H. Drawing the Global Colour Line. Carlton: MUP, 2008 [ebook] Ngai, Mae, ‘Chinese miners, headmen, and protectors on the Victorian goldfields, 18531863, Australian Historical Studies, vol. 42, issue 1, 2011, pp. 10-24. [online journal] Markus, A. Fear and Hatred: Purifying Australia and California, 1850-1901. Sydney: Hale and Ironmonger, 1979. McCalman, Cook & Reeves, Keir (eds), Gold: Forgotten Histories and Lost Objects of Australia. Cambridge: CUP 2001. McLaren, Ian (ed.) The Chinese in Victoria: Official Reports and Documents. Melbourne: Red Rooster Press, 1985, p.6-14; 22-3; 49-57. [primary source] McLeod, C. Multiethnic Australia: Its History and Future, Jefferson: McFarland, 2006 Reeves, Keir; Mountford, Benjamin, ‘Sojourning and settling: locating Chinese Australian history’, Australian Historical Studies, vol. 42, issue 1, 2011, pp. 111-125 [online journal] Stone, D (ed.) Gold diggers & diggings: a photographic study of gold in Australia, 18541920. Melbourne: Lansdowne, 1974. Rolls, E. Sojourners: the epic story of China’s centuries old relationship with Australia. St Lucia; University of Queensland Press, 1993, esp. chapters 3-4 Ryan, J. ‘Chinese Australian History’, in W Hudson & G Bolton (eds), Creating Australia: changing Australian history. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1997, pp.71-8 [ebook] Ryan, J. Ancestors: Chinese in Colonial Australia. Fremantle: Fremantle Arts Centres, 1995 Wright, Clare. The Forgotten Rebels of Eureka. Melbourne: Text Publishing, 2014. 9. Why did Australia federate in 1901? How important were contemporary understandings of race to this decision? Birrell, B. Federation: The Secret Story. Sydney: Duffy & Snellgrove, 2001. Burgmann, V. ‘Racism, Socialism and the Labour Movement, 1887-1917’, Labour History, no. 47, November 1984 [online journal] 11 Clarke, P (ed.) Steps to Federation. Melbourne: Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2001. Evans, R (ed.) 1901: Our Future’s Past. Documenting Australian Federation. Sydney: Macmillan, 1997. Evans, R. ‘White citizenship: nationhood and race at Federation’, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. Cultural Heritage Series, vol. 2, no. 2, 2002, pp.179-187 [online journal] Evans, R. ‘Keeping Australia Clean White’ in A Most Valuable Acquisition: A People’s History of Australia Since 1788. Verity Bergmann and Jenny Lee (eds). Melbourne: Penguin Books, 1988 [eresource] Grimshaw, Patricia. ‘Federation as a turning point in Australian history’, Australian Historical Studies, v.33, Special issue no.118, 2002, p.25-41 [online journal] Hirst, J. The Sentimental Nation: The Making of the Australian Commonwealth. Melbourne: OUP, 2000. [ebook] Ihde, Erin. ‘1 January 1901: Australia federates, Australia celebrates’, in Turning Points in Australian History eds M Crotty & D Roberts. Sydney: UNSW Press 2009, 100-114 [ebook] Irving, H. To Constitute A Nation. Cambridge: CUP 1997. [short extract in Making Australian History: Perspectives on the past since 1788 ed D Gare & D Ritter. Melbourne: Thomson, 2008, 226-231. Walker, D. ‘Race Building and the Disciplining of White Australia’ in Legacies of White Australia. L Jayasuriya, D Walker and J Gothard (eds). Perth: UWA Press, 2003. [ebook] Willard, Myra, ‘History of the White Australia Policy’, in Making Australian History: Perspectives on the past since 1788 ed D Gare & D Ritter. Melbourne: Thomson, 2008, 260-5 [note that this is a primary source] 10. Australia’s official history of multiculturalism starts with the adoption of that policy by the Whitlam government in the early 1970s. To what extent does the history of the tropical north suggest that at least some parts of Australia operated as multicultural societies much earlier? Indonesia and the Malay World, vol 40, issue 117, 2012 (Special issue on Indonesians overseas – see in particular the Martinez article on Koepangers) [online journal] Chase, Athol. ‘All kind of nation: Aborigines and Asians in Cape York Peninsula', Aboriginal History, vol. 5, no. 1, 1981, 6-19. [online journal] Choo, Christine. ‘Asian Men on the West Kimberley Coast, 1900-1940’, Studies in Western Australian History, vol. 16, 1995, 89-111. [online journal] Edwards, Penny and Yuanfang, Shen. ‘Something More: Towards Reconfiguring Australian History’ in Lost in the Whitewash, ed. Penny Edwards and Shen Yaunfang (Canberra: Australian National University, 2003), 1-22. Farram, Steve. ‘Some Early Connections Between Timor and North Australia’, Journal of Northern Territory History 11, 2000, 57-70. [online journal] Ganter, Regina. Mixed Relations: Asian-Aboriginal Contact in North Australia. Crawley: University of Western Australia Press. 12 Ganter, Regina. ‘Mixed Relations: Towards Reconfiguring Aboriginal History’ in Lost in the Whitewash, ed. Penny Edwards and Shen Yaunfang. Canberra: Australian National University, 2003. 69-84. Ganter, Regina. ‘Turning the Map Upside Down’, Griffith Review, Spring, issue 9, 2005, 167-176. [online journal] Hokari, Minoru. ‘Anti-Minorities History: Perspectives on Aboriginal-Asian Relations’, in Lost in the Whitewash, ed. Penny Edwards and Shen Yaunfang. Canberra: Australian National University, 2003. 85-102. Hokari, Minoru. ‘Globalising Aboriginal Reconciliation’ Cultural Studies Review, vol. 9, no. 2, 2003, 84-101. [online journal] Lowrie, Claire. ‘White “men” and their Chinese “boys”: sexuality, masculinity and colonial power in Darwin and Singapore, 1880s-1930s’, History Australia, vol. 10, no. 1, April 2013, pp. 35-57. [online journal] Lowrie, Claire. ‘The Transcolonial politics of Chinese domestic mastery in Singapore and Darwin, 1910s-1930s’, Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History, vol. 12, no. 3, Winter, 2011. [online journal] Martinez, Julia. ‘Ethnic Policy and Practice in Darwin’, in Ganter, Regina, Mixed Relations: Asian-Aboriginal Contact in North Australia. Crawley: University of Western Australia Press, 2006, pp. 122-139. Martinez, Julia and Lowrie, Claire. ‘Colonial constructions of masculinity: transforming Aboriginal men into ‘boys’, Gender and History, 21, 2, 2009, pp. 305-323. [online journal] Martinez, Julia. ‘Separatism and Solidarity: Chinese and Aboriginal Sporting Connections’, in Lost in the Whitewash, ed. Penny Edwards and Shen Yaunfan. Canberra: Australian National University, 2003. 103-112. McGrath, Ann. ‘The Golden Thread of Kinship: Mixed Marriages Between Asians and Aboriginal Women During Australia’s Federation Era’ in Lost in the Whitewash, ed. Penny Edwards and Shen Yaunfang. Canberra: Australian National University, 2003. 37-59. Mitchell, Scott. ‘Dugongs and Dugouts, Sharptacks and Shellbacks: Macassan Contact and Aboriginal Marine Hunting on the Coburg Peninsula’, Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, vol. 15, no. 2, 1996, 181-191. [eresource] Reynolds, Henry. North of Capricorn: The Untold Story of Australia’s North. Crows Nest: Allen and Unwin, 2003. Sickert, Susan. Beyond the Lattice: Broome’s Early Years, Fremantle: Fremantle Arts Centre, 2003. Stephenson, Peta. The Outsiders Within: Telling Australia’s Indigenous-Asian story. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2007. Stephenson, Peta. Islam Dreaming: Indigenous Muslims in Australia. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2010. Yu, Sarah. “Broome Creole: Aboriginal and Asian Partnerships along the Kimberly Coast”, Queensland Review, vol. 6, no. 2, 1999, 59-73. [online journal] 13 11. To what extent does the Anzac Legend simplify understandings of the Australian First World War soldiering experience? In your response you may like to consider the composition of the First AIF, the different battlefields on which Australians served, and soldiers’ varied reactions to war. Ball, Desmond (ed.), Aborigines in the Defence of Australia. Sydney: Australian National University Press, 1991. Barrett, J. ‘No Straw Man: CEW Bean and some Critics’, Australian Historical Studies, 23 (89) (April 1988): 102-14. Beaumont, J. ‘Australia’s Global Memory Footprint: Memorial Building on the Western Front 1916-2015.’ Australian Historical Studies 46 no 1 (March 2015): 45-63. Beaumont, J. Broken Nation: Australians in the Great War. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2013. Bennett, J. ‘Lest We Forget Black Diggers: Recovering Aboriginal Anzacs on Television,’ Journal of Australian Studies, 38: 4 (November 2014): 457-75. Blair, Dale. Dinkum Diggers: An Australian Battalion at War. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2001. Bongiorno, Frank. ‘Anzac and the Politics of Inclusion’. In Remembering the Great War: Nation, Memory, Commemoration, Shanti Sumartojo and Ben Wellings (eds). Bern: Peter Lang, 2014. pp. 81-97. Brown, James. Anzac’s long shadow: the cost of our national obsession. Melbourne: VIC Redback, 2014. Crotty, Martin, and Marina Larsson, eds. Anzac Legacies Australians and the Aftermath of War. Melbourne: Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2010. Crotty, M. ‘25 April 1915 Australian troops land at Gallipoli: Trial, trauma and the “birth of the nation”’, In Turning Points in Australian History edited by M Crotty & D Roberts. Sydney: UNSW Press 2009, 100-114 [ebook] Damousi, J & M Lake eds., Gender and War: Australians at War in the Twentieth Century. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Gammage, B. The Broken Years, Australian Soldiers in the Great War, Melbourne: Penguin, 1975. Goodall, Heather. “Not such a respected soldier: The impact of World War 1 on Aborigines in New South Wales”, Teaching History, vol. 21, no. 2, 1987, 3-6. [online journal] Holbrook, Carolyn. Anzac. The Unauthorised Biography, Sydney: NewSouth, 2014. Inglis, KS. ‘Anzac, the substitute religion’, In Observing Australia 1959-1900, ed., C Wilcox, Melbourne: Melbourne UP, 1999. Inglis, KS. ‘The Anzac Tradition’, Meanjin, vol. 24, Issue 1, (1965): 25-44. Inglis, KS. ‘Men, Women and War Memorials’, In Memories and Dreams, eds., R White and P Russell Sydney: 1997. Lake, M and H. Reynolds et al, What’s Wrong With Anzac?. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2010. Lake, M. ‘Mission impossible: how men gave birth to the Australian nation’. Gender and History, Vol 4, No 3 (1992): 305-22. Lake, Marilyn. ‘The Power of ANZAC’, In Australia, Two Centuries of War and Peace, eds., M. McKernan and M. Browne, Canberra: Australian War Memorial and Allen and Unwin, 1988. 14 Larsson, Marina. Shattered ANZACs: living with the scars of war, Sydney: UNSW Press, 2009. Oppenheimer, Melanie and Bruce Scates, ‘Australia at War’, In M. Lyons and P. Russell, Australia’s History: Themes and Debates. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2005. Riseman, Noah, ‘Diversfying the black diggers’ histories’, Aboriginal History, vol. 39, 137142. [online journal] Riseman, Noah, ‘Serving their country: a short history of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander service in the Australian Army’, Australian Army Journal, vol. 10, issue 3, 2013, 11-22. [online journal] Scarlett, Philippa. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Volunteers for the AIF: The Indigenous Response to World War One. Macquarie: ACT: Indigenous Histories, 2012. Scates, B. ‘Remembering Gallipoli: From the first Anzac Day service to today’s backpacker pilgrimage,’ in Making Australian History: Perspectives on the past since 1788, edited by D Gare & D Ritter. Melbourne: Thomson, 2008, 302-310. Seal, G. Inventing Anzac: The Digger and National Mythology, Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 2004. Stanley, P. ‘The Gallipoli Campaign: History and memory, myth and legend’, In Making Australian History: Perspectives on the past since 1788, edited by D Gare & D Ritter. Melbourne: Thomson, 2008, 311-317. Stanley, P. Bad Characters: Sex, Crime, Mutiny, Murder and the Australian Imperial Force. Sydney: Pier 9, 2010. Stanley, P. ‘He was black, he was a White man, and a dinkum Aussie’: race and empire in revisiting the Anzac legend’ in, Das, S. (ed.), Race, Empire and First World War Writing, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. pp. 213-230. [eresource] Stockings, C. ed., Zombie Myths of Australian Military History. Sydney: NewSouth, 2010. Stockings, C ed., Anzac’s Dirty Dozen. Sydney: NewSouth, 2012. Thomson, A. ‘Steadfast Until Death? CEW Bean and the Representation of Australian Military Manhood.’ Australian Historical Studies, 23 (93) (October 1989): 462-77. Thomson, A. ‘A crisis of masculinity? Australian military manhood in the great war’, J. Damousi & M Lake, eds., Gender and War: Australians at War in the Twentieth Century. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Thomson, A. Anzac Memories: Living with the Legend, Melbourne: Oxford UP, 1994. Tyquin, Michael. Madness and the Military: Australia’s Experience of the Great War. Canberra: Australian Military History Publications, 2006. White, R. Inventing Australia. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1981. Esp. Ch. 8, ‘Diggers and Heroes’. Winegard, T., ‘A Case Study of Indigenous Brothers in Arms during the First World War’, Australian Army Journal, vol. 6, issue 1, 2009, pp. 191-206. [online journal] Winegard, Timothy C. Indigenous Peoples of the British Dominions and the First World War. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012. 15 12. In what ways did the First World War cause division on the Australian home front? Why does such division often not feature in popular accounts of the war? Archer, Robin. ‘Stopping War and Stopping Conscription: Australian Labour’s Response to World War I in Comparative Perspective.’ Labour History no 106 (May 2014): 43-67. Beaumont, J. ‘Australians and the Great War: Battles, the home front and memory.’ Teaching History 49 no 1 (March 2015): 20-27. Beaumont, J. ‘Unitedly we have fought’: Imperial Loyalty and the Australian War Effort.’ International Affairs 90 no 2 (March 2014): 397-412. Beaumont, J. Broken Nation: Australians in the Great War. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2013. Bollard, Robert. In the Shadow of Gallipoli: The Hidden History of Australia in World War I. Sydney: NewSouth, 2013. Crotty, M. ‘25 April 1915 Australian troops land at Gallipoli: Trial, trauma and the “birth of the nation”’, In Turning Points in Australian History edited by M Crotty & D Roberts. Sydney: UNSW Press 2009, 100-114 [ebook] Damousi, Joy. The Labour of Loss: Mourning, Memory and Wartime Bereavement in Australia. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Damousi Joy, ‘Socialist Women and Gendered Space: Anti-Conscription and Anti-War Campaigns 1914-1918.’ In Gender and War: Australians at War in the Twentieth Century, edited by Joy Damousi and Marilyn Lake. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Fischer, Gerhard. Enemy Aliens: Internment and the Home Front Experience in Australia 1914-1920. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 1989. Holbrook, Carolyn. Anzac. The Unauthorised Biography, Sydney: NewSouth, 2014. Lake, Marilyn. A Divided Society: Tasmania During World War I. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1975. Mann, Jatinder. ‘‘To the Last Man and the Last Shilling’ and ‘Ready, aye Ready’: Australian and Canadian Conscription Debates during the First World War.’ Australian Journal of Politics and History 61 no 2 (June 2015): 184-200. McKernan, Michael. The Australian People and the Great War. Sydney: Collins, 1984. McQuilton, John. Rural Australia and the Great War: From Tarrawingee to Tangambalanga. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2001. Moore, Tod and Williams, Harry. ‘Class and Courage: Anti-conscriptionists in the Hunter, 1916.’ In Radical Newcastle, edited by James Bennett, Nancy Cushing and Erik Eklund. Sydney: NewSouth, 2015. Robertson, Emily. ‘A much misunderstood monster: The German ogre and Australia’s final and forgotten recruiting campaign of the Great War.’ History Australia 13 no 3 (September 2016): 351-367. Scott, Ernest. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-1918: Volume XI—Australia During the War. 7th ed. Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1941. [full text available via Australian War Memorial website: awm.gov.au] Smart, Judith. Power and Authority: The Conscription Debates 1916-17. Melbourne: History Teacher’s Association of Victoria, 1996. 16 The Home Front: Australia During the First World War. National Museum of Australia, 2015. Triolo, Rosalie. Our Schools and the War. Melbourne: Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2012. 13. What was the intention of the policy of the removing some Aboriginal children from their families in the 1950s and 60s? What were its outcomes? NB: This issue is very emotional for many people, but as historians we need to remain at a critical distance. Your essay should not present a personal statement of belief but a reasoned argument about the intentions and outcomes of the policy. Bringing Them Home: Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children and their Families. Canberra: 1997 [Online via the Australian Human Rights Commission: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/ourwork/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-social-justice/publications/bringing-themhome-stolen] Austin, T. ‘Genocide and schooling in Capricornia: educating the Stolen Generation’, History of Education Review, 2000, 29 (2) 47-66. [online journal] Edwards, C. and P. Read. The Lost Children : Thirteen Australians taken from their Aboriginal families tell of the struggle to find their natural parents. Sydney: Doubleday, 1989. Haebich, A. Broken Circles: Fragmenting Indigenous Families 1800-2000. Fremantle: Fremantle Arts Centre Press, 2002. [some chapters available as eresources] Haebich, A. The Stolen Generations: Separation of Aboriginal children from their families in Western Australia. Perth: Western Australian Museum, 1999. Jacobs, P. ‘Science and Veiled Assumptions: Miscegenation in Western Australia, 19301937’, Australian Aboriginal Studies, 2, 1986 [online journal] Manne, R. ‘In Denial: The Stolen Generations and the Right’, Quarterly Essay, no. 1 2001, 1113. [online journal] McGregor, R “Breed out the Colour”: or the Importance of Being White’, Australian Historical Studies, vol. 33, no.120, October 2002, p286-302 [online journal] McGregor, R. ‘Representations of the Half-Caste in the Australian Scientific Literature of the 1930s’, Journal of Australian Studies, 36, 1993. [hardcopy in library] McGregor, R. Imagined Destinies: Aboriginal Australians and the Doomed Race Theory, 1880-1939. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1997. [ebook] Moses, Dirk (ed), Genocide and Settler Society: Frontier violence and stolen indigenous children in Australian history. New York: Berghahan Books, 2005. [ebook] Read P. ‘The Return of the Stolen Generation’, Journal of Australian Studies, 59, 1998, p.819 [online journal] Read, P. ‘Clio or Janus? Historians and the Stolen Generations’, Australian Historical Studies, 118, 2002, 54-60 [online journal] Read, P. ‘Stolen Generations’ in The Australian Legend and Its Discontents. Richard Nile (ed.) Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 2000. 17 Read, P. A rape of the soul so profound: The return of the stolen generations. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1999. Stanner WEH, and D Barwick, ‘Not By Eastern Windows Only: Anthropological Advice to Australian Governments in 1938’, Aboriginal History, vol. 3, 1979, pp. 37-53. [online journal] Swain, Shurlee. ‘Enshrined in Law: Legislative Justifications for the Removal of Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Children in Colonial and Post-Colonial Australia. Australian Historical Studies vol. 47, Issue 2, June 2016, 191-208 [online journal] H Zogbaum, ‘Herbert Basedow and the removal of Aboriginal Children of mixed descent from the families’, Australian Historical Studies, no 121, April 2003. [online journal] 14. According to historian David Potts, the degree of social devastation caused by the Great Depression has been exaggerated. Assess the accuracy of his claim considering the impact of the Depression on at least two of the following groups: unemployed men, returned soldiers, women, youths and Aboriginal Australians. If you wish, you may focus on the Novocastrian experience of the Great Depression. Essential Reading: Potts, David, The Myth of the Great Depression. Melbourne: Scribe Publications, 2006). [introduction available online] Broomhill, Ray. Unemployed Workers: A Social history of the Great Depression in Adelaide. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 1978. Bolton, Geoffrey. A Fine Country to Starve In. Perth: University of Western Australia Press, 1972. Cain, Frank. Jack Lang and the Great Depression. Melbourne: Australian Scholarly, 2005. Cannon, Michael. The Human Face of the Great Depression. Mornington: Today’s Australia Publishing Co, 1996. Cathcart, Michael. Defending the National Tuckshop. Melbourne: McPhee Gribble/Penguin, 1988. Catley, Robert and Bruce McFarlane. Australian Capitalism in Boom and Depression, Sydney: Alternative Publishing Cooperative, 1983. Cooksey, Robert (ed.). The Great Depression in Australia. Canberra: Australian Society for the Study of Labour History, 1970. Martin Crotty and David Roberts (eds.). Turning Points in Australian History. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2009. [ebook] Dickey, Brian. No Charity There. A Short History of Social Welfare in Australia. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1987. Docherty, J.C. Newcastle: The Making of an Australian City. Sydney: Hale and Iremonger, 1983. Fox, Charles. Fighting Back: The Politics of the Unemployed in Victoria in the Great Depression. Melbourne:: MUP 2000 Fox, Charles. Working Australia. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1991. Fox, Len (ed.) Depression Down Under Sydney: Hale & Iremonger, 1992. 18 Fraser, Don. Working for the Dole: Commonwealth Relief During the Great Depression Canberra: National Archives of Australia, 2001. Garton, Stephen. Out of Luck: Poor Australians and Social Welfare, Sydney, 1990 Grimshaw, P, Lake, M, McGrath, A, Quartly, M. Creating a Nation, Ringwood: Penguin, 1994 [check the index] Gray, S. Newcastle in the Great Depression, Newcastle: Council of the City of Newcastle, 1989. Kennedy, R (ed),. Australian Welfare History, Macmillan, 1982 Kimber, Julie. ‘They didn’t want work, you see’: inequality and blame in the Great Depression’, in Making Australian History, edited by D Gare & Ritter, Melbourne: Thomson, 2008, 367-374. Louis L and Turner I (eds). The Depression of the 1930s, Cassell, 1978. Love, P. Labour and the Money Power. Melbourne: MUP, 1984. [ebook] Lowenstein, W. Weevils in the Flour. Melbourne: Scribe Publications, 1978. [some chapters online via library catalogue] McCarthy, J. "All for Australia: Some Right Wing Responses to the Depression in NSW, 1929-32", Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, 57, pt. 2 (1971), 160–71 [hardcopy in library] Mackinolty, J (ed). The Wasted Years? Australia’s Great Depression. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1981. McCalman, J. Struggletown, Melbourne: MUP, 1984. Moore, A. The Secret Army & the Premier. Sydney: UNSW Press, 1989. Masson, M. Surviving the Dole Years, The 1930s: A Personal Story, Sydney 1993. [primary source] Pepper, P. and T. de Araugo, You Are What You Make Yourself To Be: The story of a Victorian Aboriginal family, 1842-1980. Melbourne: Hyland House, 1989, pp.88-96 [primary source] Richardson, Len. The Bitter Years: Wollongong During the Great Depression, Sydney: Hale & Iremonger, 1984. [Bonus] Schevdin, C, B., Australia and the Great Depression, USyd Press, 1973. [ebook] Scott, J. “Making End Meet: Brisbane Women and Unemployment in the Great Depression”, Queensland Review 13, 2006, pp. 51-62. [online journal] Scott, J, & K Saunders. ‘Happy Days are Here Again? A reply to David Potts’, Journal of Australian Studies, 36, March 1993, pp.10-22. [hardcopy in library] Smith, K. Australian Battlers Remember: The Great Depression, Random House, 2003 Spencely, G. A Bad Smash, Carlton: MUP, 1990. Spencely, G. ‘The Social History of the Depression of the 1930s on the basis of oral accounts: People’s History or Bourgeois Construction?’, Journal of Australian Studies, 41, June 1994 [hardcopy in library] Stone, J. ‘Brazen Hussies and God’s Police: Feminist Historiography and the Depression’, Hecate, vol.8, no.1, 1982, pp.6-25 [hardcopy in library] 19 15. In what ways were Australian women’s lives impacted by the Second World War? How did the ‘All In!’ war effort affect what was seen as acceptable feminine behaviour? Bassett, J ed. As We Wave You Goodbye: Australian women and war. Oxford University Press, 1998. Beaumont, J ed. Australia’s War 1939-45. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1995. Connors, L, Finch, L, Saunders K, & Taylor, H. Australia’s Frontline: Remembering the 1939-1945 War. St Lucia: UQP, 1992), 140-163. Darian-Smith, K. “War and Australian Society”, In Australia’s War 1939-45, edited by J. Beaumont, J, 54-81. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1995. Darian-Smith, K. On the Homefront: Melbourne in Wartime 1939-1945. Oxford University Press, 1990. Featherstone, L. “Sexy Mamas? Women, Sexuality and Reproduction in Australia in the 1940s.” Australian Historical Studies, 36 (1995): 234–52. [online journal] Featherstone, L. Let’s Talk About Sex: Histories of Sexuality from Federation to the Pill. Cambridge: CSP, 2011, esp. chapter 8. Ford, Ruth. ‘Lesbians and Loose Women: Female Sexuality and the Women’s Services During World War II.’ In Gender and War: Australians at War in the Twentieth Century, edited by Joy Damousi and Marilyn Lake. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Hennessey, E. ”‘…the cheapest thing in Australia is the girls’: young Women in Townsville 1942-45’, Queensland Review, 1, no.1 (1994): 61-70. [online journal] Lake, M. “Female desires: the meaning of World War II”, Australian Historical Studies 24, (1990) 267–84. Reprinted in Gare D and D Ritter, eds, Making Australian History, edited by D Gare & Ritter, Melbourne: Thomson, 2008: 200-205. Lake, Marilyn. ‘The Desire for a Yank: Sexual Relations between Australian Women and American Servicemen during World War II.’ Journal of the History of Sexuality, Vol. 2, No. 4 (Apr., 1992), pp. 621-633 [online journal online] Lemar, S. ‘Sexually cursed, mentally weak and socially untouchable”: women and venereal diseases in World War Two Adelaide’ Journal of Australian Studies, 79 (2003) [online journal online] McKernan, M. All in! Australia during the Second World War Melbourne: Nelson, 1983. Moore, J H. Over-sexed, over-paid, & over here: Americans in Australia, 1941-1945. St Lucia: UQP, 1981. Oppenheimer, Melanie. All Work, No Pay: Australian Civilian Volunteers in War. Walcha, NSW: Ohio Productions, 2002. Potts, ED. Yanks Down Under, 1941-45: The American impact on Australia, Oxford University Press, 1985. Scott, Jean. Thanks Girls and Goodbye! The Story of the Australian Women’s Land Army 1942-45. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1995. Sturma, M. ‘Loving the Alien: The Underside of Relations between American Servicemen and Australian Women during World War 2.’ Journal of Australian Studies 24 (1989): 3-17. [eresource] 20 16. Discuss the tension between popular memory and historical evidence in assessing the Japanese threat to Australia during the Second World War. Why have some historians claimed there was no intention on the part of the Japanese to invade Australia? ‘Battlelines’ (debate between Peter Stanley and Bob Wurth), Weekend Australian, 30-31 August 2008, 6-7. [We will make an exception here to the usual rule that newspapers are not an acceptable secondary source upon which to base your essay] The Battles that Shaped Australia: The Australian’s Anniversary Essays, ed., David Horner, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1994. Beaumont, J. ed., Australia’s War 1939-45. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1995. Burns, Paul. The Brisbane Line Controversy: Political Opportunism versus National Security, 1942-45, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1998. Day, David. Reluctant Nation: Australia and the Allied Defeat of Japan, 1942-45, Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1992. Day, David. John Curtin. A Life, Sydney: Harper Collins, 1999. Dean, Peter, J. Australia 1942: In the Shadow of War, Melbourne: CUP, 2013. Grey, Jeffrey. A Military History of Australia, rev ed., Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1999. Ham, Paul. Kokoda, Sydney: Harper Collins, 2004. Horner, D.M. High Command. Australia’s Struggle for an Independent War Strategy, 19391945, 2nd edition, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1992. Horner, D.M. Crisis of Command: Australian Generalship and the Japanese Threat, 19411943, Canberra: ANU Press, 1978. Legg, Frank. The Eyes of Damien Parer, Adelaide: Rigby, 1963. Lockwood, D. Australia under Attack: The Bombing of Darwin – 1942, Sydney: New Holland, 2005 [first published 1966]. McDonald, Neil. Damien Parer’s War, Melbourne: Lothian, 2004. McKernan, M. All in! Australia during the Second World War. Melbourne: Nelson, 1983. McQueen, Humphrey, Japan to the Rescue: Australian Security around the Indonesian Archipelago during the American Century, Melbourne: William Heinemannn Australia, 1991. Oliver, P. Empty North: The Japanese Presence and Australian Reactions 1860s to 1942, Darwin: Darwin University Press, 2006. Reid, Richard. Kokoda 1942, Canberra: Department of Veterans’ Affairs, 2007.Stanley, P. ‘Threat made manifest’, Griffith Review, 9 (Spring 2005): 12-24. Stanley, P. Invading Australia: Japan and the Battle for Australia, 1942, Melbourne: Viking, 2008, 228-31 & 249-56. Stanley, P.’Dramatic myth and dull truth’, In Zombie Myths of Australian Military History, ed. C. Stockings, 140-60. Sydney: NewSouth, 2010. Walker, David, Anxious Nation: Australia and the Rise of Asia 1850-1939, Brisbane: UQ Press, 1999. Wurth, Bob. Australia’s Greatest Peril, Sydney: Pan Macmillan Australia, 2008. Website: Australian War Memorial http://www.awm.gov.au/index.asp 21 17. After the Second World War, the Australian government encouraged mass European immigration, reassuring current Australian residents that the newcomers would have to assimilate to the Australian way of life. What is assimilation and to what extent did this policy affect the lives of “New Australians”? Collins, J. Migrant Hands in a Distant Land: Australia’s Post-War Immigration. Sydney: Pluto Press, 1988. Cresciani, Gianfranco. The Italians in Australia, New York: Cambridge UP, 2003. Elder, Catriona. ‘Immigration History’ in Lyons, M and Russell, P. Australia’s History: Themes and Debates. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2005. [ebook] Haebich, A. Spinning the Dream: Assimilation in Australia, 1950-1970. Fremantle: Fremantle Press, 2008. [ebook] Hammerton, James. Ten Pound Poms: Australia’s Invisible Migrant. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2005. Holland, Alison. ‘The Common Bond? Australian Citizenship’ in Lyons, M and Russell, P. Australia’s History: Themes and Debates. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2005. [ebook] Jupp J. From White Australia to Woomera. The Story of Australian Immigration. Cambridge University Press, 2002 [ebook] Jupp, James. The English in Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2004 [ebook] Lopez, Mark. The Origins of Multiculturalism in Australian Politics, 1945-1975. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2000. Macintyre, Stuart. Australia’s Boldest Experiment: War and Reconstruction in the 1940s. Sydney: NewSouth, 2015. Martin, J. The Migrant Presence: Australian Responses, 1947-1977. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1978. Neumann, Klaus. Refuge Australia: Australia’s Humanitarian Record. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2004. Richards, Eric. Destination Australia: migration to Australia since 1901. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2008. [ebook] Sluga. Glenda. Bongeilla, ‘A place of no hope’. Parkville: University of Melbourne, 1988. Tamis. A. The Greeks in Australia. Melbourne: Cambridge UP, 2005. Wilton, J. ‘From assimilationism to multiculturalism: Immigration policy 1949-83’, in Old worlds and new Australia: the post-war migrant experience, eds Janis Wilton and Richard Bosworth. Melbourne: Penguin, 1984. 17-37 [eresource] York, Barry. From Assimilationism to Multiculturalism: Australian experience, 1945-1989. Canberra: Centre for Immigration and Multicultural Studies, 1996 22 18. In what ways were the 1950s a period of social conformity and economic stability? What were the undercurrents which unsettled what is now looked back on as a happy and peaceful time for all? Brett J, Robert Menzies’ Forgotten People, Sydney: Pan Macmillan, 1993. Curthoys, A. and Merritt, J. (eds), Australia’s First Cold War, 1945-1953. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1984. Curthoys, A & Merritt, J (eds) Better Dead than Red. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1986. Deery, Phillip, “’There is no half-way’: Australia’s Cold War at Home”, In Making Australian History, edited by D Gare & Ritter, Melbourne: Thomson, 2008: 200-205. Featherstone, L. Let’s Talk About Sex: Histories of Sexuality from Federation to the Pill. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Press, 2011, chapters 9-10. Featherstone, L and Kaladefos, A. Sex Crimes in the Fifties. Melbourne: Melbourne Univeristy Publishing, 2016. Gollan, R., Revolutionaries and Reformists: Communism and the Australian Labour Movement. Canberra: ANU Press, 1975, chapters 6 and 7. Haebich, A. Spinning the Dream: Assimilation in Australia, 1950-1970. Fremantle: Fremantle Press, 2008. [ebook] Louis, L.J., Menzies’ Cold War: A Reinterpretation. Melbourne: Red Rag, 2001. Lowe, D, Menzies and the “great world struggle”: Australia’s Cold War, Sydney: UNSW Press, 1999. Macintyre, S, The Reds: The Communist Party of Australia from origins to illegality. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1999. Matthews, JJ. Good and Mad Women. The Historical Construction of Femininity in Twentieth Century Australia. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1984 McKinlay, B, A Documentary History of the Australian Labour Movement. Melbourne: Drummond,1979. Murphy, J, Imagining the Fifties.Sydney: Pluto Press, 2000. Murphy J & Smart J, Special issue: The Forgotten Fifties, Australian Historical Studies, vol. 28, number 109, October 1997. [online journal] Pringle, Rosemary. ‘Sexuality and the Suburban Dream’, in Richard White & Penny Russell (eds), Memories and Dreams. Reflections on 20th Century Australia. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1997. Willett, G. ‘The Darkest Decade: Homophobia in 1950s Australia’, Australian Historical Studies, vol 28, No 109, 1997, p120-32 [online journal] Wotherspoon, Garry. ‘The Greatest Menace Facing Australia’: Homosexuality and the State in New South Wales During the Cold War’, Labour History, no.56, May, 1989, pp.15-28. [online journal] 23 19. How did settler colonists perceive the Australian environment? How did that affect the ways they used it and their impact on it? You may address this question in general for the nineteenth or twentieth century, or narrow it down to one colony or one industry, such as pastoralism, gold mining or specifically coal mining in the Newcastle region. Beinart, William and Lotte Hughes, Environment and Empire, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Ch. 6, Sheep, Pastures, and Demography in Australia. Bolton, G. Spoils and Spoilers, A history of Australians shaping their environment. 2nd ed. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1992. Bonyhady, Tim. The Colonial Earth. Melbourne: Miegunyah Press, 2000. Boyce, James. “Return to Eden: Van Diemen’s Land and the Early British Settlement of Australia,” Environment and History 14 (2008): 289 – 307. Boyce, James. Van Diemen’s Land. Melbourne: Black Inc, 2008. Bridgman, Howard and Nancy Cushing. Smoky City: A History of Air Pollution in Newcastle, NSW. Newcastle: Hunter Press, 2015. Cushing, Nancy. “Australia’s Smoke City: Air Pollution in Newcastle”, Australian Economic History Review, 49, 1 (2009): 19 – 33. Dunlap, Thomas R. “Australian Nature, European Culture: Anglo Settlers in Australia”, Environmental History Review 17, 1 (1993): 25-48. Dunlap, Thomas R. Nature and the English Diaspora: Environment and History in the United States, Canada, Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Ecology and Empire: Environmental History of Settler Societies. T. Griffiths and L. Robin eds. Edinburgh: Keele University Press, 1997. Environmental exchanges. Edited by Andrea Gaynor and Jane Davis. Studies in Western Australian History, 27. Perth: Centre for Western Australian History, University of Western Australia, 2011. Frost, Warwick. ‘The Environmental Impacts of the Victorian Gold Rushes: Miners' Accounts during the First Five Years.’ Australian Economic History Review 53, 1 (2013), 72-90. Garden, Don. Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific : An environmental history. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, c2005. Available as an ebook. Gaynor, Andrea. “Colonists and the Land: An environmental history of nineteenth-century Australia.” In Making Australian History: Perspectives on the Past since 1788, edited by Deborah Gare and David Ritter, 144 - 53. Melbourne: Thomson Learning, 2008. Lawrence, Susan, Peter Davies and Jodi Turnbull. ‘The Archaeology of Anthropocene Rivers: Water management and landscape change in ‘Gold Rush’ Australia.’ Antiquity 90, 353 (2016): 1348-1362. Lines, William. Taming the Great South Land: A history of the conquest of nature in Australia. London: University of Georgia Press, 1991. Muir, Cameron. The Broken Promise of Agricultural Progress, An Environmental History. Oxford: Routledge, 2014. 24 Powell, J.M. Environmental Management in Australia, 1788 – 1914: Guardians, Improvers and Profit. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1976. Radical Newcastle. James Bennett, Nancy Cushing and Erik Eklund, eds. Sydney: New South Press, 2015. Robin, Libby. How a Continent Created a Nation. Sydney: University of NSW Press, 2007. Rolls, Eric. A Million Wild Acres. Melbourne: Penguin, 1984. Turner, John. Coal mining in Newcastle, 1801-1900. Newcastle: Newcastle Region Public Library, 1982. Young, Ann. Environmental change in Australia since 1788. 2nd ed. Melbourne : Oxford University Press, 2000. 20. The New Left movements (also known as the new social movements) of the 1960s and 1970s demanded social and political change. These movements included protests calling for women’s rights, Indigenous rights, gay rights, greater environmental responsibility and an end to Australia’s involvement in the war in Vietnam. Choose ONE movement and discuss how successful it was in bringing about the changes sought. Alomes, S. ‘Cultural Radicalism in the Sixties’, Arena, no. 62, 1983. [hardcopy in library] Arrow, Michelle and Mary Spongberg (eds). Australian Feminist Studies, Special edition on the Seventies, 22 (53), July 2007. Various articles. [online journal] Burgmann, V. Power and Protest: Movements for Change in Australian Society. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1993. Burgmann, M and V Burgmann. Green Bans, Red Union: environmental activism and the New South Wales Builders Labourers' Federation. Sydney : UNSW Press, 1998. Chesser, Lucy. “Australasian Lesbian Movement, ‘Claudia’s Group’ and Lynx: ‘NonPolitical’ Lesbian Organisation in Melbourne, 1969-1980,” Hecate 22, 1 (1996), 6487 [online journal] Clark, J. “The Wind of Change” in Australia: Aborigines and the International Politics of Race, 1960-1972’, International History Review 1998 20(1) 89-117. [online journal] Cochrane, Peter. ‘At War At Home’, in Deborah Gare and David Ritter, Making Australian History: Perspectives on the Past Since 1788. Melbourne: Thomson, 2008. Cockingham, J. Mondo Weirdo: Australia in the Sixties. Melbourne: Mandarin, 1992. Curthoys, A. ‘”Shut up, you bourgeois bitch”: Sexual identity and political action in the antiVietnam War movement’, in Gender and War: Australians at War in the Twentieth Century. J Damousi and M Lake (eds). Cambridge: CUP, 1995. Curthoys, A. Freedom Ride: A Freedom Rider Remembers. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 2002. [ebook] Curthoys, Ann. Extract from ‘Doing it for themselves: The Women’s Movement Since 1970’, in Gender Relations in Australia: Domination and Negotiation. Sydney: HBJ 1992, especially p 430-447. Gerster R and J Bassett. Seizures of Youth: the Sixties and Australia. Melbourne: Hyland House, 1993. 25 Gordon, Richard. The Australian New Left: Critical Essays and Strategy. Melbourne: W. Heinemann Australia, 1970 Horne, D. Time of Hope. Australia 1966-72. Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1980. [multiple copies] Horne, D. The Lucky Country (Melbourne: Penguin, various editions). Hutton, Drew. A History of the Australian Environment Movement. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999. Jordan, A. ‘The Cultural Influence of the Vietnam War on Australia since 1965’, Journal of the Australian War Memorial, 14, October 1989 [online journal] Kaplan, G. The Meagre Harvest. The Australian Women’s Movement 1950s-1980s. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1996 [ebook] Lake, M. Getting Equal. A History of Australian Feminism. Sydney: UNSW Press, 1999. Lake M. and K. Holmes (eds). ‘Part 4 Liberation’ in Freedom Bound II. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1995. Langley, G. A Decade of Dissent: Vietnam and the Conflict on the Australian Homefront. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1992. Neville, Richard. ‘Hippie Hippie Shake’, in Deborah Gare and David Ritter, Making Australian History: Perspectives on the Past Since 1788. South Melbourne: Thomson, 2008. Piccini, Jon. Transnational Protest, Australia and the 1960s: Global Radicals. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave, 2016. Willet, Graham. ‘CAMPing Out’, in his Living Out Loud. A History of Gay and Lesbian Activism in Australia. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 2000, p33-52. [ebook] Wotherspoon, Garry. ‘City of the Plain’: History of a Gay Subculture. Sydney: Hale and Ironmonger, 1991.