Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences ENGG851 – ASSESSMENT ONE Subject: Engineering Research Method Topic: Operation Management in the Hot Rolling Production Line Student Name: Muhammad Raza Student Number: 5578693 Subject Coordinator: Sasha Nikolic 10TH APRIL 2016 Introduction Operation management is both and art and science which is used to enable the conversion of the raw materials into finished goods that are ready for the customers use. The reason it is an art and science is because utilizes both the personal knowledge about production and the learned knowledge (Miller, 2012).The hot rolling production line aims at converting metal into various products by use of the temperature. Initially, the human beings had no knowledge of using machines to makes products from iron but they used their skills which represent the element of art to produce various metal items (Supekar, Clarens, Stephenson,and Skerlos, 2012, pp.2652-2658).However, due to technological changes, new methods have been developed which are used to convert metal or steel into various commodities for sales. The methods include melting of temperatures under temperatures to make it into items of one's choice (Bertuglia, Fischer, & Preto, 2012). The operational manager is responsible for managing and overseeing execution all the activities to ensure required results are reached to satisfy the customer needs. He plans activities that the firm will be engaged in producing. It is important for the purpose of any firm to be known before the commencement of business (Hill, A. and Hill, T., 2012). People and machines to do the activities are identified to help in execution activities and meet set deadlines. He organizes how things are done, directs the production of products and eventually controls the extent to their execution of activities. All these processes ensure the goals and objectives of the organization are achieved. Metal is used for various activities like vehicle manufacture, making household items like chairs, tables, doors and windows, aircraft and boat manufacturer among many other products (Nordberg, Fowler, and Nordberg, 2014). The hot rolling production line deals with metals with temperatures higher the recrystallization temperatures to produce a variety of metal products (Dixit, and Dixit, 2008). The products have a long life and are recommended by many people. Rolling aims in reducing the thickness of metals to products items of various sizes by passing it through rolls under different exposure to temperature. The metals are made to have a thickness which is uniform thus ensuring same products are identical and attractive to customers (Melville, 2010, pp.1-21). In the operation management, there are many things which are done by the managers. Forecasting of future demands is identified to ensure that the levels of production are regulated and there is no surplus or deficit. The quality is checked in this level of different manufactured items and the managers' helps to check conformity to the customers' needs (Zurich, 2017).The level of stock is monitored at this stage and the optimal level is maintained for convenience in the production process. The employees in this are faced with a hard working environment as the work requires energy and accidents are high. Managers have the duty to motivate the employees to have morale in job execution process (Nordin, Deros, & Wahab, 2010, pp.374). All industries are faced with many challenges which must be put into consideration by managers as they aid in achieving the business goals (Manley, Anastas, & Cue, 2008, pp.743-750).The steel or metal sector has many challenges such as high costs of the raw materials making the profit margin below. Technological changes which can render a company outdated when not put into consideration (Orlikowski, 2009). The company may produce products that do not meet the demands of customer thus lack market for its goods. The customers have high tastes and preferences in terms of quality and the services that a firm offers to them (Skerlos, Hayes, Clarens, & Zhao, 2008, pp.180-202). These makes the business incur cost in research and other ways to make customers happy. Environmental issues also have brought restrictions on the industry as laws have been set up to protect the environment from pollution. Business going against the laws means huge fines from legal actions or their closure (Trkman, 2010, pp.125-134). Finally, it is true that metalworking is an art and science which is gaining popularity among the people as it produces quality items (Saha, Donofrio, and Bagley, 2010, pp.843-848).The metal items are increasing developed as they are durable and can be used in almost all areas of operation. These sector has provided a lot of work for both skilled and non-skilled employees hence improving people living standards. The metal industry is competitive as there are numerous changes and firms needs to have competitive advantages over the competitors for survival (Nergaard et al. 2009, pp.125-146). Managers must be creative and innovative to come up with unique products or apply strategies like blue ocean strategy to attract more customers' or eliminate competition in the market (Buisson, & Silberzahn, 2010, pp.359-378). References List Bertuglia, C. S., Fischer, M. M., & Preto, G. (Eds.). (2012). Technological change, economic development and space. Springer Science & Business Media. Buisson, B., & Silberzahn, P. (2010). Blue Ocean or fast-second innovation? A Four-breakthrough model to explain successful market domination. International Journal of Innovation Management, 14(03), 359-378. Dixit, P.M. and Dixit, U.S., 2008. Modeling of metal forming and machining processes: by finite element and soft computing methods. Springer Science & Business Media. Hill, A. and Hill, T., 2012. Operations management. Palgrave Macmillan. Manley, J. B., Anastas, P. T., & Cue, B. W. (2008). Frontiers in Green Chemistry: meeting the grand challenges for sustainability in R&D and manufacturing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(6), 743-750. Melville, N. P. (2010). Information systems innovation for environmental sustainability. MIS quarterly, 34(1), 1-21. Miller, A.I., 2012. Insights of genius: Imagery and creativity in science and art. Springer Science & Business Media. Nergaard, K., Dølvik, J.E., Marginson, P., Arasanz Díaz, J. and Bechter, B., 2009. Engaging with variable pay: A comparative study of the metal industry.European Journal of Industrial Relations, 15(2), pp.125-146. Nordberg, G.F., Fowler, B.A. and Nordberg, M. eds., 2014. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. Academic Press. Nordin, N., Deros, B. M., & Wahab, D. A. (2010). A survey on lean manufacturing implementation in Malaysian automotive industry. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 1(4), 374. Orlikowski, W. J. (2009). The sociomateriality of organisational life: considering technology in management research. Cambridge journal of economics. Saha, R., Donofrio, R.S. and Bagley, S.T., 2010. Development of a real-time TaqMan assay to detect mendocina sublineage Pseudomonas species in contaminated metalworking fluids. Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology, 37(8), pp.843-848. Skerlos, S. J., Hayes, K. F., Clarens, A. F., & Zhao, F. (2008). Current advances in sustainable metalworking fluids research. International journal of sustainable manufacturing, 1(1-2), 180-202. Supekar, S.D., Clarens, A.F., Stephenson, D.A. and Skerlos, S.J., 2012. Performance of supercritical carbon dioxide sprays as coolants and lubricants in representative metalworking operations. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 212(12), pp.2652-2658. Trkman, P. (2010). The critical success factors of business process management. International journal of information management, 30(2), 125-134. Zurich, L.B., 2017. Service Operations and Management. Literature Planner Reference Number: 1 Author: Bertuglia, C. S., Fischer, M. M., & Preto, G. (Eds.). Title of Article: Technological change, economic development and space. Type: Book Publication: Springer Science & Business Media Year Published: 2012 Number of citations: Google scholar Primary or secondary: Secondary Publication Rating: Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year: N/A What themes were discussed in the Literature Review? Technology What was the research question? What are the changes that have occurred to economic development and space? Design: Experimental Design What was the finding? There are many changes which have occurred in the field of economic area in the world. What were the gaps? The book did not have full information about the changes; it tackled on few issues but not all the changes in the environment. Reference Number: 2 Authors: Buisson, B., & Silberzahn, P. Title of Article: Blue Ocean or fast-second innovation? Type: Journal Publication: International Journal of Innovation Management Year Published: 2010 Number of citations: Google scholar Primary or secondary: secondary Publication Rating: Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year: N/A What themes were discussed in the Literature Review? Business competition What was the research question? How can a business eliminate competition in the market? Design: Statistical analysis What was the finding? Businesses to compete effectively they must engage in putting strategies to get new markets which not highly concentrated to avoid competition. What were the gaps? It is not easy to avoid competition and the journal does not look more into the other strategies to compete effectively. Reference Number: 3 Authors: Manley, J. B., Anastas, P. T., & Cue, B. W Title of Article: Frontiers in Green Chemistry Type: Journal Publication: Journal of cleaner production Year Published: 2008 Number of citations: Primary or Secondary: Secondary Publication Rating: Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year: N/A What themes were discussed in the Literature Review? Challenges in manufacturing What was the research question? What are the changes in the manufacturing? Design: Statistical Analysis What was the finding? Technology has brought many changes in the manufacturing industry. What were the gaps? The changes were not fully explained living a gap in understanding all the challenges. Reference Number: 4 Authors: Melville, N. P. Title of Article: Information systems innovation for environmental sustainability Type: Book Publication: MIS quarterly Year Published: 2010 Number of citations: Google scholar Primary or Secondary: Secondary Publication Rating: Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year: N/A What themes were discussed in the Literature Review? Creativity and innovation What was the research question? What were the new innovations in the information systems to ensure protect the environment? Design: Statistical Analysis What was the finding? There were many innovations which aimed at protecting the environment What were the gaps? There was no clear strategy to protect the environment in long-term. Reference Number: 5 Authors: Nordin, N., Deros, B. M., & Wahab, D. A. Title of Article: A survey on lean manufacturing implementation in Malaysian automotive industry. Type: Journal Publication: N/A Year Published: 2010 Number of citations: Google scholar Primary or Secondary: Secondary Publication Rating: Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year: N/A What themes were discussed in the Literature Review? Automotive Industry What was the research question? Design: Experimental What was the finding? The lean manufacturing implementation is successful in Malaysian automotive industry. What were the gaps? Innovations and creativity is high in the industry and the journal did not address on the ways to fight competition. Reference Number: 6 Authors: Skerlos, S. J., Hayes, K. F., Clarens, A. F., & Zhao, F. Title of Article: Current advances in sustainable metalworking fluids research Type: Journal Publication: N/A Year Published: 2008 Number of citations: Google scholar Primary or Secondary: Secondary Publication Rating: Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year: N/A What themes were discussed in the Literature Review? Metalworking What was the research question? What are the changes in metalworking? Design: Experimental Analysis What was the finding? There are many changes in the metalworking industry to aid in fighting competition What were the gaps? There were many changes but the demerits of the methods were not clearly outline in the paper Reference Number: 7 Authors: Miller, A.I. Title of Article: Insights of genius: Imagery and creativity in science and art Type: Book Publication: Springer Science & Business Media. Year Published: 2012 Number of citations: Google scholar Primary or Secondary: Secondary Publication Rating: Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year: N/A What themes were discussed in the Literature Review? Creativity and innovation What was the research question? What are the creativity and innovations done by people in the metal industry? Design: Experimental What was the finding? The metal industry have undergone many changes over the past years making it among the most attractive industry to entrepreneurs What were the gaps? The changes are many but also the effects of the large growth and development is high yet not highlighted in this document Reference Number: 8 Authors: Orlikowski, W. J. Title of Article: The socio materiality of organizational life Type: Journal Publication: N/A Year Published: 2009 Number of citations: Google Scholar Primary or Secondary: Secondary Publication Rating: Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year: N/A What themes were discussed in the Literature Review? Technological changes What was the research question? What are the changes brought by technology in the metal industry? Design: statistical analysis What was the finding? Technology has brought many changes in the working of the metal to ensure that products of high quality which attract many customers are made. What were the gaps? The journal does not indicate the effects of the technological changes to both the people and the environment. Reference Number: 9 Authors: Saha, R., Donofrio, R.S. and Bagley, S.T. Title of Article: Development of a real-time TaqMan assay to detect mendocina sublineage Pseudomonas species in contaminated metalworking fluids Type: Journal Publication: N/A Year Published: 2010 Number of citations: Google scholar Primary or Secondary: Secondary Publication Rating: Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year: N/A What themes were discussed in the Literature Review? Metalworking What was the research question? What are items can be added to metal during modelling process? Design: Experimental What was the finding? Metal can be modelled into various shapes and sizes depending to the customer needs and the wastage is low. What were the gaps? The book does not show how the cost of these activities affects the final cost of the metal products Reference Number: 10 Authors: Zurich, L.B. Title of Article: Service Operations and Management. Type: Book Publication: N/A Year Published: 2017 Number of citations: Google Scholar Primary or Secondary: Secondary Publication Rating: Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year: N/A What themes were discussed in the Literature Review? Operation management What was the research question? What activities and people work in operation management? Design: Experimental What was the finding? The operation management is vast field which deals with many activities in any organisation with many workers headed by the operation management manager What were the gaps? The document does not clearly point out the functions of the labourers in the department Reference Number: 11 Authors: Supekar, S.D., Clarens, A.F., Stephenson, D.A. and Skerlos, S.J. Title of Article: Performance of supercritical carbon dioxide sprays as coolants and lubricants in representative metalworking operations Type: Journal Publication: N/A Year Published: 2012 Number of citations: Google scholar Primary or Secondary: Secondary Publication Rating: Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year: N/A What themes were discussed in the Literature Review? Metal additives What was the research question? What substances are added to metal in producing better outputs? Design: Statistical What was the finding? There are many items added and done to metal to ensure that it conforms to the need of the customer What were the gaps? The journal does not clearly tell the skill necessary to carry out the outlined processes Reference Number: 12 Authors: Dixit, P.M. and Dixit, U.S. Title of Article: Modeling of metal forming and machining processes Type: Book Publication: Springer Science & Business Media Year Published: 2008 Number of citations: Google scholar Primary or Secondary: Secondary Publication Rating: Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year: What themes were discussed in the Literature Review? Metalworking What was the research question? How is metal moulded into various shapes and sizes? Design: Experimental Design What was the finding? Metal can be modelled into various shapes and sizes depending to the customer needs and the wastage is low. What were the gaps? The book does not show how the cost of these activities affects the final cost of the metal products Reference Number: 13 Authors: Nergaard, Dølvik, Marginson, Arasanz Díaz, and Bechter Title of Article: A comparative study of the metal industry Type: Journal Publication: N/A Year Published: 2009 Number of citations: Google Scholar Primary or Secondary: Secondary Publication Rating: Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year: What themes were discussed in the Literature Review? Metal industry What was the research question? What are the activities in the metal industry? Design: Experimental Design What was the finding? The metal industry has grown so much and attracted many entrepreneurs as the demand of metal products is very high. What were the gaps? Despite the high growth there are not specific and clearly outlined laws that protect the industry mentioned in this journal Reference Number: 14 Authors: Nordberg, G.F., Fowler, B.A. and Nordberg, M. eds. Title of Article: Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. Type: Book Publication: Academic Press. Year Published: 2014 Number of citations: Google scholar Primary or Secondary: Secondary Publication Rating: Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year: N/A What themes were discussed in the Literature Review? Metals What was the research question? What are the uses of metals? Design: Experimental Design What was the finding? Metals are use almost in all the places in the world and people can see metal objects every minute. What were the gaps? The book does not tell more about the dangers of metal to human being and to the environment. Reference Number: 15 Authors: Hill, A. and Hill, T Title of Article: Operations management Type: Book Publication: Palgrave Macmillan Year Published: 2012 Number of citations:Google scholar Primary or secondary: Secondary Publication Rating: Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year: N/A What themes were discussed in the Literature Review? Operation management managers What was the research question? What are the duties of operation management managers? Design: Simulation What was the finding? The managers have many duties which revolve about ensuring that the organisation goals and objectives are achieved. What were the gaps? The book does not show the limitation of the duties of the managers