ttack of French’s Division and Richardson’s Division (II Corps) at the Sunken Road & D. H. Hill’s defense of the Sunken Road. Part 2a – Define the Battlefield Environment (11 pages): Using maps and narrative, describe the significant characteristics of the environment that shaped the conduct and outcome of the battle including: ? Physical features o What were the dimensions of the battlefield? o Describe the topography (slope and elevation) of the battlefield. o Describe the vegetation present (type and density) on the battlefield. o Describe the surface hydrology (streams and rivers) in terms of depth, water velocity, banks, and streambed. o Describe the surface materials (soils and trafficability) present on the battlefield. o Describe the weather on the day of the battle in terms of temperature, precipitation, and winds. o Describe the visibility in terms of day versus night, including sunrise, sunset, hours of daylight and darkness, and moon phase. ? Cultural features o Describe the settlement patterns (spatial organization, street patterns, and building construction) found on the battlefield. o Describe the land use patterns (agricultural and industrial) found on the battlefield. o Describe the non-combatant population (size, distribution) found on the battlefield. o Describe the transportation and communications infrastructure found on the battlefield. You must use a map or series of maps to describe the spatial distribution of these features. You will be evaluated on how many of the features listed above you can identify. Each characteristic must be documented by source. Part 2b – Analyze the Battlefield Environment (11 pages): Using maps and narrative, make a determination of how the battlefield environment, as described in Part 2a above, affected the conduct of the battle. This determination will be based upon an assessment of the performance of the Battlefield Operating Systems through: ? An analysis of the military aspects of terrain including all of the following: o Observation and fields of fire ? How was observation affected by vegetation, topography, and weather? ? How were fields of fire affected by vegetation, topography, and weather? o Cover and concealment ? Show how terrain features afforded cover. ? Show how terrain features afforded concealment. o Obstacles ? Identify specific examples of where terrain features were obstacles for movement. ? How did these obstacles affect the flow of the battle? ? What man-made (emplaced) obstacles were employed to supplement natural obstacles? o Key terrain ? What was the key terrain? Explain what made it key. ? Show how key terrain was designated as attack objectives or defensive positions. o Avenues of approach ? What were the avenues of approach? ? Were maneuver forces constrained by the size of avenues of approach? ? Explain how terrain features affected the types of avenues of approach available (mounted versus dismounted). ? Describe the effects of the military aspects of weather including all of the following: o Visibility as it affected security, concealment, engagement range and fields of fire. o Winds as it affected weapons performance, air operations, or visibility. o Precipitation as it affected visibility, trafficability, weapons, or logistics. o Cloud cover as it affected visibility, air operations, or fields of fire. o Temperature and humidity as it affected human or material performance. ? Describe the effects of cultural features including some or all of the following: o Settlement patterns o Land use patterns o Transportation and communications infrastructure o Presence and characteristics of non-combatant population Your evaluation in Part 2b must assess how these battlefield characteristics represented a significant advantage or disadvantage to either opponent. You must use a map of the battlefield to identify, locate, and describe the nature and effect of specific physical and cultural features on the course and outcome of the battle. Each element in your analysis must be documented with the source. You will also provide an annotated bibliography of a minimum of six references to support your research; if you can’t find six sources find another topic. You are limited to only two Internet sources and these must be “quality” sites from an academic or professional source. Internet sites must be properly referenced and I must be able to find them. The annotation of your bibliography must describe the information you found and used from each source and how it contributed to your findings. Keep in mind this is a GEOGRAPHY paper and the focus must be geographical and not historical.