Question 4: Advanced routing study (15 marks) Research and review appropriate materials, including the textbook, and answer the first two questions (a & b). a) Define the terms and discuss the relationship between Autonomous Systems, Inter-domain routing, and Intra-domain routing (2 marks). b) Identify the major routing protocols associated with Inter-domain and Intra-domain routing and list their similarities and differences (1.5 marks). Finish by commenting on why we need different protocols for Inter-domain and Intra-domain routing (1.5 marks). Study the two articles listed below – both are freely available on the Internet. You may use other references in addition to these, as needed. Then answer the remaining 3 questions (c, d & e). c) Briefly summarize in your own words the problems with current routing methods that the authors have identified. (5 marks) d) Contrast and compare the concepts of embedded routing and extensible routing. (2.5 marks) e) How does the proposal of Routing As A Service (RAAS or just RAS) address the problems with current routing methods? (2.5 marks) Referencing: List all references and use proper in-text citation using the Harvard referencing convention. Remember that diagrams also need to be cited. Marks will be deducted on a per-question basis for not adhering to referencing standards. The two articles for questions 3 – 5 (both articles have the same title): Routing as a Service by K.Lakshminarayanan et al http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2006/EECS-2006-19.pdf Routing as a Service by K.Lakshminarayanan, Stoica, and Shenker https://www.cs.princeton.edu/~jrex/teaching/spring2005/reading/ras04.pdf Question 5 starts on the next page.  Question 5 – IPv6 Packets (5 marks) An IPv6 packet travelling within an Autonomous System, consists of a base header, extension headers, a TCP segment and data. The data is 128,000 bytes long (jumbo payload). The following diagram shows the packet: Version Traffic class Flow label Payload length Next header Hop limit Source Address Destination Address Hop-by-hop exthdr Source port address Destination port address Sequence number Acknowledgement number HLEN Reserved Control Window size Checksum Urgent pointer 128000 bytes of data Determine a correct or validvaluefor the following fields in the base header with a brief explanation of the value you selected. Note: the brief explanation is half the marks. • Version; • Payload Length; • Next Header; • Hop limit: • Source Address and Destination Address. Do not type your answers here: type it in the Answers Template provided. Question 4: (15 marks) A. 2 B. 3 c 5 d 2.5 e 2.5 Question 5: (5 marks) Place a value, with brief explanation, for (read question 5): Version: Payload length: Next header: Hop limit: Source Address: Destination Address: Note: source & destination address are worth 1 mark together 5 (for each value, .5 for valid value, .5 for explanation.