ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Electronic or manual submission UNI: MAN 6301 Project Risk Management CODE TITLE NAME OF STUDENT Harminderpal Singh FAMILY NAME FIRST NAME STUDENT ID NO. 10417238 NAME OF LECTURER Paul Jackson DUE DATE APRIL 21ST 2017 Topic of assignment Part 1-Data collection Group or tutorial (if applicable) Course Masters of project Management CAMPUS Mount Lawley I certify that the attached assignment is my own work and that any material drawn from other sources has been acknowledged.This work has not previously been submitted for assessment in any other unit or course. Copyright in assignments remains my property. I grant permission to the University to make copies of assignments for assessment, review and/or record keeping purposes. I note that the University reserves the right to check my assignment for plagiarism. Should the reproduction of all or part of an assignment be required by the University for any purpose other than those mentioned above, appropriate authorisation will be sought from me on the relevant form. OFFICE USE ONLY If handing in an assignment in a paper or other physical form, sign here to indicate that you have read this form, filled it in completely and that you certify as above. Signature Date OR, if submitting this paper electronically as per instructions for the unit, place an ‘X’ in the box below to indicate that you have read this form and filled it in completely and that you certify as above. Please include this page in/with your submission. Any electronic responses to this submission will be sent to your ECU email address. Agreement x Date: 21/04/2017 FOR PROCEDURES AND PENALTIES ON LATE ASSIGNMENTS PLEASErefer to the University Admission, Enrolment and Academic Progress Rule 24, and the ECU Course and Unit Delivery and Assessment Policy   The ECU English Language Proficiency Measure(Feb 2014) Levels of proficiency Aspects of writing (Indicate with an X main area(s)needing improvement) Low proficiency Incorrect or inappropriate aspects of writing obscure meaning in many places. Significant editing needed to clarify the meaning, along with extensive proofreading to correct technical errors. Developing proficiency Incorrect or inappropriate aspects of writing obscure meaning in some places. Some editing needed to clarify the meaning, along with extensive proofreading to correct technical errors. Moderate proficiency Aspects of writing are mostly accurate. Mistakes rarely affect clarity of meaning. Minor editing needed to clarify the meaning, along with careful proofreading to correct technical errors. High proficiency Aspects of writing are appropriate and optimally constructed, allowing clarity of meaning. Meaning is clear and needs only a light proofread to correct technical errors. Sentence structure 1. sentence completeness 2. sentence length 3. phrase/clause order 4. use of conjunctions 5. word order 6. punctuation Word use 7. word choice 8. word form 9. word omission/redundancy 10. verb tense/agreement 11. spelling 12. apostrophes Sentence Structure 1. Sentence completeness: sentence includes subject, verb and complete thought. 2. Sentence length: length is appropriate to context or discipline. 3. Phrase/clause order: parts of the sentence (phrases and clauses) are ordered logically. 4. Use of conjunctions: linking words are used correctly to show the relationship between ideas. 5. Word order: words are ordered correctly in a sentence. 6. Punctuation: the correct use of full stops, commas, semicolons, colons and capitals. Word Use 7. Word choice: words are correct and appropriate for the context. 8. Word form: correct part of speech is used, e.g., [to] affect / [the] effect. 9. Word omission/redundancy: words should not be missing or be unnecessarily repetitive. 10. Verb tense/agreement: correct use of verbs that indicate time and correct word forms that agree grammatically with other words in the sentence. 11. Spelling: correct spelling is used. 12. Apostrophes: indicate ownership or contraction. Table of Contents 1.0 BACKGROUND 2 2.0 INTRODUCTION 2 2.1 Stage one: team selection 2 2.2 Stage two: preparation 3 2.3 Stage three: travel 3 2.4 Stage four: arrival 3 2.5 Stage five: stay and accommodation 3 2.6 Stage six: competing 3 2.7 Stage seven: Return 4 3.0 CATEGORY ONE: HEALTH 10 3.1 Injuries 10 3.2 Infection 10 3.3 Travel sickness/ illness 11 4.0 CATEGORY TWO: TERRORISM 12 4.1 Loss of life 12 4.2 Disabilities 12 4.3 Depression/ trauma 13 5.0 CATEGORY THREE: DRUGS 13 5.1 Bad reputation 13 5.2 Disqualification/ban 13 6.0 CATEGORY FOUR: MEDIA 14 6.1 Positive and Negative reporting 14 7.0 CATEGORY FIVE: POLLUTION 14 7.1 Pulmonary irritations 14 7.2 Chest pain 14 7.3 Crowd control 14 7.4 Pressure 15 8.0 CONCLUSION 15 References 16   1.0 BACKGROUND The project is based on risk management in the sporting events of participating national Olympic team’s perspectives. It examines the national team of Norway before as well as during the Olympic Winter 2010. The report produces a National World Cup 2018 Football Cup Management.It identifies the major issues in the sporting events that the team faces. The risks identifies are health, terrorism, drugs, media and pollution. Data are collected from various case studies and articles on the risks. Various risk strategies are applied on the identified risks to mitigate it on time. A framework for each of the risks is analyzed by the participating teams at the sporting events. 2.0 INTRODUCTION Participating into the Olympic Games such as in National World Cup 2018 Football Cup Managementis an experience and both internal and external risks are occurred during the events. The main objective of this report is to control the impacts of the identified risks which are taken place into the sporting events. 2.1 Stage one: team selection In sporting events, the first stage is to select a team to participate in the event. The risks in the event are analyzed from the perspective of the participating national Olympic team. It is required to understand the risks for the participating teams so that it can overcome with issues of serious injury or death of athlete. The team consists of leader, participating athletes as well as coaches to handle of negative events. 2.2 Stage two: preparation Through proper preparation of the team, the risk factors should be reduced. The problems such as logistics, living conditions and others are controlled. The preparations to manage the risks requirehigh quality among both the athletics as well as leaders. 2.3 Stage three: travel Even the people can travel as well as live with other participants or people even there is a risk of infections. The sports athletics can have illness and even through this issue is higher as compared to preparing at the sea level. There is a huge risk during travelling. For example plane crash of famous football team. All members died in that accident. 2.4 Stage four: arrival At this stage some time players feel changes in environment. Due to sudden changes in environment players may sick immediately. Players should be aware about the environment of next destination. 2.5 Stage five: stay and accommodation Accomodation of players is the main problem in big events. It is very hard to manage for accomodatio of large number and multicultural people. During games some time players faces problems with food, accommodation and sanitation. If the accommodation is not comfortable for players then there is a risk of sickness and mentally tiredness. 2.6 Stage six: competing Participating as well as competing in the Olympic Games such as National World Cup 2018 Football Cupis an experience for the athletes as well as coaches work tenaciously on physical, technological as well as mental elements that can add an additional edge to the execution level of the sporting events. Within the sporting events, the local competition to the mega events in the Olympic Games are the risks that can occurred during the event time. 2.7 Stage seven: Return There is a risk that during return players may infected by some viruses. In case of unsuccessful performance they may be mentally upset. Category Sub category Project phase Risk Event Risk Description Internal/External Positive/Negative Likelihood Impact Reference/Source Health Injury Throughput Traumatic injuries Collision with the ground as well as objects and among the players is considered as traumatic injuries. Internal Negative Medium Medium Shaw, 2007 Infection Throughput Enterovirus infections It is spreading among the participants via the fecal oral route. It is caused due to sharing of water bottles to others. Internal Negative Medium High Kutsch& Hall, 2010 Travel sickness Travel Nausea, auto disorder The sports participants are facing tiredness as well as fatigue which are associated with the travel sickness. Internal Positive Low Medium Hartman &Ashrafi, 2004 Terrorism Loss of life During Terrorists The main purpose of the terrorists is not to target the participants, but they wanted that the viewers can witness the terrorist’s attacks from their home. External Negative High High Chapman & Ward, 2000 Disabilities During Disabled person Sporting events are helping to address health as well as wellness requirements of the participants with disabilities. Internal Negative High Medium Olsson, 2007 Depression During Terrorists attack The trauma is due to terrorism attack that some of the participants are feared to play the games. Internal Positive Medium Low Chapman & Ward, 2003 Drugs Bad reputation During Performance enhancing drugs The result of using this drug is unproductive, fails to participate in the event as well as unfairly administered. External Negative High Medium Regev, Shtub& Ben, 2006 Disqualification/ban During Drugs The participant’s use of performance enhancing drugs is considered to violate the spirit of the sports competition. External Negative High Medium Raz& Michael, 2001 Media Positive and negative reporting Throughput Economy The positive reporting on the event is that large numbers of outside tourists come to attend the event and the tournaments are contributing positive effects on the economics. External Positive/negative Medium Low Thevendran&Mawdesley, 2004 Pollution Pulmonary irritations Throughput Asthma The athletics those have asthma are suffering from respiratory disorders due to pollution when the polluted gases get into the lungs of the participants. Internal Negative Medium Medium Kutsch& Hall, 2010 Chest pain During Respiratory diseases Due to pollution, there are chest pain Internal Negative Medium Medium Regev, Shtub& Ben, 2006 Crowd control During Huge crowd At the time of event, there are huge crowd of the tourists those have come to attend the event. The huge crowd can have an impact on the performance of the participants Internal Positive Medium Low Hartman &Ashrafi, 2004 Pressure During Coaches Huge pressure from coaches to win the game Internal Positive Medium Medium Chapman & Ward, 2003   3.0 CATEGORY ONE: HEALTH 3.1Injuries In the sporting events, the health risk such as sports injuries are occurred among the participating teams as well as athletics. In the football cup game, leg injury is the common sports injuries among the participants. Other injuries are nervous as well as vascular systems injuries (Shaw, 2007). Mostly, traumatic injuries are occurred among the participants those are playing Olympic Games due to high collision of the nature of the sports and games. Collision with the ground as well as objects and among the players is considered as unexpected injuries when there are playing. The traumatic sports injuries are consisted of strains, sprains, wounds, fracture of the bone, injury in the legs, hands as well as bones, injury in the spiral codes as well as cramps (Royer, 2000). The intrinsic risk factors of the injuries are heavy weight, lack of the flexibility in the muscles, coordination as well as balance, malnutrition and lack of sleep at the night. The extrinsic risk factors of the event are not use of protective sports equipments such as goggles, guard for the mouth, hands as well as legs. Prevention should be taken in order to reduce potential sports injuries. There is a requirement to do stretching as well as exercise so that it focuses to strengthen the body muscles more (Ward, 1999). Over training to the participants as well as athletics are required so that they are trained to work properly and play their games. Therefore, injuries are common in the Olympic sports. 3.2 Infection Enterovirus infections may occurred among the football teams and it results into outbreaks of the aseptic meningitis. It is spreading among the participants via the fecal oral route. It is caused due to sharing of water bottles to others, contamination of ice within the water cooler and others. It is prevented by not sharing of one participant’s water bottle with others. There is also outbreak of HBV- Hepatitis B virus, among the participants. There is a requirement to overcome this infectious disease by taking vaccination against HBV so that it can be cured (Kutsch& Hall, 2010).There are also required to cover the wounds which occurred at the time of playing the games. Other is Influenza as well as respiratory infections which is the most common health problems among the sporting participants. The examples of influenza are illness outbreaks at the sporting events as well as on the sports teams (Turner, 2005).Therefore, most of the outbreaks are occurred among the competitors those are participating in the sports. 3.3 Travel sickness/ illness Travel sickness among the participants of the sporting events is a condition in which a difference exists between outwardly saw development and the vestibular framework's feeling of development (Hartman &Ashrafi, 2004). Dependent on the causes of the travel sickness, it can likewise be referred to as nausea, auto disorder as well as recreation infection. The symptoms of this illness are fatigue as well as nausea. The other symptoms are sweat, drool saliva, headaches, sentiment cold as well asdeparting pale.The sports participants are facing tiredness as well as fatigue which are associated with the travel sickness. If the issue is not resolved on time, then it may lead to vomiting (Pender, 2001). It relieves from the weakness as well as nausea, thus vomiting is the way that it will be treated. Therefore, it should require to be treated on time so thatit cannot harm the health of the participants as well as the athletics. 4.0 CATEGORY TWO:TERRORISM 4.1 Loss of life The terrorists can attack the athletics, killed them as well as coaches. There is loss of life of the participants. As a preventive measure, the event manager should take proper safety as well as security steps to prevent from the terrorism attack (Baccarini& Archer, 2001). As the sporting events are occurred in other countries as well as culture, therefore there are chances of terrorism attack among the athletics. The research on the sports event tourists are limited with bulk of the sports tourism literature focuses on the hallmark events, impacts on the economic as well as destination marketing (Chapman & Ward, 2000). Sports events are the positive economic impacts. Sometimes, one of the governments of one country pressurizes other government of country to eject the team from the games. Sometimes, the country agreed to the concern as they are not ready to affect their trading with other country (Groenendaal&Zagmutt, 2006). The main purpose of the terrorists is not to target the participants, but they wanted that the viewers can witness the terrorist’s attacks from their home. The methods that they are using are bio-terrorism, kidnappings, quarter shootings and others. It can cause loss of life of the athletics as well as coaches. 4.2 Disabilities Sports for the athletics with disabilities are moving away from the medical rehabilitation model. Sporting events are helping to address health as well as wellness requirements of the participants with disabilities.Sports are providing with proper physical interventions that can help to reduce incidents of the medical complications, secondary disabilities, promotion of the social integration, as well as enhancement of the quality of life of the people those have disabilities (Olsson, 2007).In some of the Olympic Games, the disable persons are allowed to use of integrated systems to compete with other participants. 4.3 Depression/ trauma The athletics are dealing with high stress when they are playing games with others. It forms some kinds of depression or trauma in the mind of the person if they would win the game or not (Chapman & Ward, 2003). The other trauma is due to terrorism attack that some of the participants are feared to play the games. 5.0 CATEGORY THREE: DRUGS Some of the participants such as athletics are taking high level of drugs to win the games. It results into bad reputation in their career as well as disqualification from the game. The athletics are using of performance enhancing drugs so that they can improve their performance in the sporting events (Regev, Shtub& Ben, 2006). The result of using this drug is unproductive, fails to participate in the event as well as unfairly administered. 5.1 Bad reputation The athletics those are using performance enhancing drugs put bad reputation in their own career. Those are using them are cheaters and gain unfair advantage in the event. 5.2 Disqualification/ban The participant’suse of performance enhancing drugs is considered to violate the spirit of the sports competition. It results into disqualification of the participants from the game. Before the sporting event start, each of the participants should be tested if they have taken any drug to enhance their performance (Raz& Michael, 2001). It should be prevented if it is prohibited by the international sports organization so that none of the participants can use it. It is an ethical violation to the rules as well as regulations of the sporting events. The reasons for ban are health risks of the drug, equality opportunities of the athletics as well asconsummate effect of drug-free sport for the community. 6.0 CATEGORY FOUR:MEDIA 6.1 Positive and Negative reporting In the media, sporting events consist of both positive as well as negative reporting. The positive reporting on the event is that large numbers of outside tourists come to attend the event and the tournaments are contributing positive effects on the economics. The economic benefits are immediate and roundabout uses from the guests, for instance, huge number of expenses related to travelling on the accommodation, nourishment and drinks, tickets, entertainments as well as shopping, expanding work, income from new or revamped infrastructure, and future advancement of the facilitating groups (Thevendran&Mawdesley, 2004). The negative reporting are related to negative impacts on the hosting communities. As for example, the damage to the tourism industry at the event period, cost of the impacts, displacement as well as sporting infrastructures. It impacts from the competitive bidding process to the hosting rights, enthusiasm for the construction of the post event infrastructure. 7.0 CATEGORY FIVE: POLLUTION 7.1 Pulmonary irritations The athletics those have asthma are suffering from respiratory disorders due to pollution when the polluted gases get into the lungs of the participants. 7.2 Chest pain Some of the athletics are suffering from chest pain due to pollution. 7.3 Crowd control At the time of event, there are huge crowd of the tourists those have come to attend the event. The huge crowd can have an impact on the performance of the participants. 7.4 Pressure Huge pressure from the coaches to win the game can have an impact on the athletics and their performance. 8.0 CONCLUSION It is concluded that all the identified risks should be mitigated properly so that it cannot get a huge impact on the risk management project work. Therefore, it should require to be treated on time so that it cannot harm the health of the participants as well as the athletics.   References Baccarini, D., & Archer, R. (2001). The risk ranking of projects: a methodology. International Journal of Project Management, 19(3), 139-145. Chapan, C., & Ward, S. (2003). Project Risk Management. Chapman, C., & Ward, S. (2000). Estimation and evaluation of uncertainty: a minimalist first pass approach. International Journal of Project Management, 18(6), 369-383. Groenendaal, H., &Zagmutt, F. (2006). Spin of the wheel: the role and reality of Monte Carlo simulations. Risk Management, 53(8), 10. Hartman, F., &Ashrafi, R. (2004). Development of the SMART TM project planning framework. International Journal of Project Management, 22(6), 499-510. Jovanović, P. (1999). Application of sensitivity analysis in investment project evaluation under uncertainty and risk. International Journal of Project Management, 17(4), 217-222. Kutsch, E., & Hall, M. (2010). Deliberate ignorance in project risk management. International journal of project management, 28(3), 245-255. Pender, S. (2001). Managing incomplete knowledge: Why risk management is not sufficient. International Journal of Project Management, 19(2), 79-87. Raz, T., & Michael, E. (2001). Use and benefits of tools for project risk management. International journal of project management, 19(1), 9-17. Regev, S., Shtub, A., & Ben-Haim, Y. (2006). Managing project risks as knowledge gaps. Project Management Quarterly, 37(5), 17. Royer, P. S. (2000). Risk management: The undiscovered dimension of project management. Project Management Journal, 31(1), 6-13. Schmid, B., & Adams, J. (2008). Motivation in project management: The project manager's perspective. Project Management Journal, 39(2), 60-71. Shaw, J. (2007). Managing all of your enterprise's risks. Risk Management, 38. Thevendran, V., &Mawdesley, M. J. (2004). Perception of human risk factors in construction projects: an exploratory study. International Journal of Project Management, 22(2), 131-137. Turner, J. R. (2005). The role of pilot studies in reducing risk on projects and programmes. Ward, S. C. (1999). Requirements for an effective project risk management process. Project Management Journal, 30(3), 37-43.