Armstrong, Elizabeth A., and Suzanna M. Crage. "Movements And Memory: The Making Of The Stonewall Myth". American Sociological Review 71.5 (2006): 724-751. Web. 5 Apr. 2017.
Journal Article 1:
This journal article analyzes the Stonewall Inn riots that took place in 1969, and it was the beginning of the LGBT movement. It emphasizes on the fact that the Stonewall Inn riot is not one of the first of its kind, but was rather just claimed to be. There were several other raids that took place, for example-New Year’s Ball Raid (1965), Compton’a Cafeteria Disturbance (1966), Black Cat Raid (1967) and several others. The article was written in 2006, and is not a primary source, this also proves it is not part of any propaganda. It is of value because it questions the importance of the Stonewall Inn Raid according to the Gay Movement. One could say that it is of value because of the contradicting opinion that the Stonewall Inn raid was exaggerated and would not have been that important. Since the authors are sociologists, the factor of bias is drastically reduced. Other than the pros, there were limitations to the journal article as well, which were; the article did not take into consideration the perspective of the conservatives in that era. The opinions of the conservatives would have had a huge impact on the actions taken. One could conclude that the article describes the different movements that took place before the Stonewall Inn Riot and the authors hold the belief that these instances could have had a similar affect.
Word Count: 232 words
Carter, David. Stonewall. 1st ed. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2013. Print.
Book:
It is not a primary source and hence poses as a limitation because it is not first hand information that could be distorted or changed over time on the basis of new knowledge gained. The way people viewed individuals that belonged to the LGBT community then would be very different form the way it is now. There are some quotes from individuals who witnessed the riots, but how they felt about it then, may not necessarily be the same since there is a relatively large gap between when the event took place and when it was recalled. People are turning towards liberalism and freedom of speech. This book gives insight into the differences between time and paradigm shifts; what was a truth then, may not necessarily be a universally held notion today.
David Carter, the author is American and hence his feelings of nationalism and pride when it comes to his countrymen standing up for themselves. He refers to the New York Mafia as the blackmailer of the Homosexuals. His well-crafted writing reflects Stonewall as part of a much larger movement that was the spark that ignited the civil and human rights movement and was a milestone in accordance to gay rights. Carter tries to explore the cultural, political and social impact of the riot and since the book is written in 2013, it adds value as the author could look at the long-term consequences hence appraising the analysis. The purpose of this book is to give the readers an in-depth understanding of the riots by administering events on an hour to hour basis.
Word Count: 267 words
Wolf, Sherry. "The Birth Of Gay Power". SocialistWorker.org. N.p., 2009. Web. 2 Apr. 2017.
Scholarly Website:
The writeup talks about the norms and values of the society at that point in time and how most individuals had to conform to these social norms in order to belong or be a part of the society. Part of the website is a narrative of how the Stonewall Inn raid began and it talks in favor of the LGBT community. They also talk about Fat Tony, who headed the New York Mafia and was also the one who ran the Stonewall Inn and bar. From their perspective, the LGBT clientele had no place to openly expresses their homosexuality since many of them were even big-shot Investment bankers at Wall Street and back then, one could loose their home, job and lifestyle for being different. The mafia used to pay off the cops to avoid trouble of any kind. Since the author was not present during the crisis, one could say that the analysis is narrow and superficial; but the write up was written way after, so that could provide clarity that comes with hindsight, and it is therefore easier to write objectively indicating minimal bias. The purpose of this write up was to give an insight into the book the author has written, hence it consists of references to the time the cops raided the Inn and what was the first reaction. Sherry Wolf, the author of this writeup was American and her biases might have led her analysis to go awry.
Word Count: 244 words
Frontain, Raymond-Jean. "Hiding In Plain Sight: W. H. Auden In Popular Gay Culture". ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews 26.2 (2013): 63-70. Web. 3 Apr. 2017.
Journal Article 2:
The Stonewall Legacy, written by G.M. Filisko explores the impact of the Stonewall riots and one of the references made by Mary Bonauto, is about being a lawyer in Maine during that period and the law posing as a restriction when it came to fighting for justice. People told her that by helping people belonging to the LGBT community she risked unemployment she continues to fight for equality. As she says, "I see myself remaining in one capacity or another until sexual orientation and gender identity aren't a bar to freedom under the law." This makes one consider the different truths of that period and how if one’s truth did not conform to that of the society, it was not acceptable. New York Law prohibited Homosexuality in public. The riot was caused because the LGBT community wanted to make it clear, “They were not going to accept any repression and poor treatment.” The emotions with regards to this journal article are socially constructed, since the emotions come from our social environment. Emotions were based on what is right and what is wrong based on the society. The fact that the article describes the experiences of Matt Nosanchuk and Mary Bonauto, making them a primary source hence adding value to the knowledge gained. Since the two spoke out about it post-riots, it is less likely that what they had to say was subject to censorship. The limitation to it is that since it is opinionated, one does not get a collective view of the event.
Word Count: 255 words