General information Please, indicate your role in your organization. ( ) Project manager ( ) Risk manager ( ) Engineer ( ) Owner ( ) Academic Does your organization have expertise in assessing and managing emerging risks from climate change? ( ) yes ( ) No Does your organization have guidelines for assessing and managing emerging risks from climate change? ( ) yes ( ) No Does your organization have expertise in designing resilience plan to climate change risks? ( ) yes ( ) No To what extent do you think your organization need to adapt strategic plan to protect infrastructure resilience against climate change risks? ( ) Very important ( ) Fairly important ( ) Important ( ) Slightly important ( ) Not at all important Expected infrastructure vulnerabilities from climate change Rate the likelihood of road vulnerabilities to the following climate changes events: storm surge; prolonged rainfall; flood; drought; extreme wind; sand storm Rate the likelihood of Underground rail d vulnerabilities to the following climate changes events: prolonged rainfall; high temperatures flood • Rate the likelihood of Airport vulnerabilities to the following climate changes events: electric storm; flood; drought; extreme wind; sand storm Rate the likelihood of Airways vulnerabilities to the following climate changes events: electric storm extreme wind sand storm high temperature Rate the likelihood of airport buildings vulnerabilities to the following climate changes events: • flood; • drought; • extreme wind; • sand storm Rate the likelihood of coastal vulnerabilities to the following climate changes events: sea level rise; storm surge; Rate the likelihood of seaports vulnerabilities to the following climate changes events: sea level rise; storm surge; flood; drought; Rate the likelihood of bridges vulnerabilities to the following climate changes events: storm surge; prolonged rainfall; flood; change in wind direction and scour patterns sand storm high temperature Rate the likelihood of pipelines vulnerabilities to the following climate changes events: prolonged rainfall; flood high temperature Rate the likelihood of control systems vulnerabilities to the following climate changes events: storm surge; prolonged rainfall high temperature Rate the likelihood of communication vulnerabilities to the following climate changes events: high winds solar storms high temperature stand storms Physical Impact Rate the magnitude of the following physical impact on roads from climate changes events: Asphalt degradation (rutting, buckling) Road foundation degradation Flood damage to roads Overloading of drainage systems Rate the magnitude of the following physical impact on bridges from climate changes events Bridges Bridge structural material degradation Storm damage to bridges Rate the magnitude of the following physical impact on Airport from climate changes events Asphalt degradation Degradation of runway foundations Flood damage Operation impact Rate the magnitude of the following operation on roads from climate changes events Slower operating speeds Increased maintenance Limitations on periods of construction Vehicle overheating and tire deterioration Decreased operating times due to flooding Decreased visibility Increased structural monitoring Clogging of drains, supply lines Increased ground operations energy Rate the magnitude of the following on bridges from climate changes events Slower operating speeds Increased maintenance Limitations on periods of construction Vehicle overheating and tire deterioration Decreased operating times due to flooding Decreased visibility Increased structural monitoring Clogging of drains, supply lines Increased ground operations energy Rate the magnitude of the following operation roads on Airport from climate changes events Slower operating speeds Increased maintenance Limitations on periods of construction Vehicle overheating and tire deterioration Decreased operating times due to flooding Decreased visibility Increased structural monitoring Clogging of drains, supply lines Increased ground operations energy Adaptation measures Methods for prioritisation of vulnerabilities in the infrastructure system are needed for effective planning interdependencies between the infrastructure sectors and failure in one area can very quickly lead to cascade failure Multipurpose infrastructure will be more cost effective and could be more resilient multiple uses for utility tunnels, such as carrying water and telecommunications cables; • multiple uses for bridges, carrying telecommunications cables and water pipes; • road and railway embankments acting as flood defences reservoirs can be used for flood control as well as for water storage Regulatory changes are needed to develop and implement necessary adaptation plans Design codes, standards and building regulations Standards themselves could be more flexible Standards should be adapted to allow resumption of a partial service after an emergency, where a full service is still unavailable Technologies for adaptation the cost of adapting fully whilst maintaining Better network management is essential for resilience Use of continuous monitoring to allow reactive and timely maintenance across all infrastructure can increase resilience Engineers need to develop further their ability More engineers, with the skills to deal with complex infrastructure systems, will be needed to develop and implement adaptation measures