attachment and look at it carfully before to start writting as the essay should be answered based on the reading list that i attached the essay question is -James Carey argues that the most important breakthrough of the telegraph was to decouple transportation from communication. How well does this idea of communication, as apparently freed from transportation, reflect our media environment today? moreover these some refrences that i got it from the lecture in regard this essay Anderson, B. (1991) Imagined communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism, London: Verso Barlow, D. and Mills, B. (2008) Reading media theory: thinkers, approaches, contexts, London: Longman – Chapters 10-12 and 16 Benjamin, W. ‘The work of art in an age of mechanical reproduction’ in Illuminations Briggs, A. and Burke, P. (2002) A social history of the media: from Gutenberg to the Internet, Cambirdge: Polity Press – Chapter 2 Innis, H. (1951) The bias of communication, Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Lax, S. (2008) Media and communication technologies: a critical introduction, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan – Chapter 1 Maddalena, K. and Packer, J. (2015) 'The digital body: telegraphy as discourse network' Theory, Culture & Society, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 93-117 Mattelart, A. (1996) The invention of communication, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press McLuhan, M. (1962) The Gutenberg galaxy: the making of typographic man, Toronto: University of Toronto Press McLuhan, M. (1964) Understanding media: the extensions of man, Abingdon: Routledge Packer, J. (2006) ‘Rethinking dependency: new relations of transportation and communications’ in Thinking with James Carey: essays on communications, transportation, history, ed. by Packer, J. and Robertson, C., New York: Peter Lang – Chapter 4 Peters, J.D. (2006) ‘Technology and ideology: the case of the telegraph revisited’ in Thinking with James Carey: essays on communications, transportation, history, ed. by Packer, J. and Robertson, C., New York: Peter Lang – Chapter 7 Scannell, P. (2006) ‘Benjamin contextualised: on ‘The work of art in an age of mechanical reproduction’ in Canonic texts in media research: Are there any? Should there be? How about these? ed. by Katz, E., Peters, J.D., Liebes, T. and Orloff, A., Cambridge: Polity Press – Chapter 4 Scannell, P. (2007) Media and communication, London: Sage Sterne, J. (2006) ‘Transportation and communication: together as you’ve always wanted them’ in Thinking with James Carey: essays on communications, transportation, history, ed. by Packer, J. and Robertson, C., New York: Peter Lang – Chapter 6 Thompson, J.B. (1995) The media and modernity: a social theory of the media, Stanford: Stanford University Press Thompson, J.B. (2012) Merchants of culture: the publishing business in the twenty-first century, New York: Plume Van Loon, J. (2007) Media technology: critical perspectives. Maidenhead: Open University Press Winston, B (1998) Media technology and society: a history from the printing press to the superhighway, London: Routledge – Chapter 1