Referencing Styles : Harvard Topic: The human rights system has been created by both top-down and bottom-up dynamics and by the relationship between the global and the local. Discuss. Instruction: Answer by using the concepts and theories outlined in the first 5 weeks discussed in the lectures and covered in the Unit Readings. Your essay should focus on the relationship between human rights produced and enforced at an international level and human rights as a discourse that victims use to make claims and promote rights consciousness at the local level. The question asks you to look at the dynamic character of human rights by thinking about it as a system – top-down and bottom-up. The readings in the first 5 weeks provide a basis for understanding how human rights has come to exist as a global discourse and generated mechanisms for enforcement and how human rights has entered the local level as a language of victims. Weeks 4 and 5 provide case studies of how human rights have been deployed after major political violence by the state as a way to promote justice and reconciliation and by victims to demand recognition and compensation. To look at Human Rights – Bottom Up approaches Web resources: 1.) Humphrey, Michael (2014) Law, Memory and Amnesty in Spain. The Macquarie Law Journal 13. (journal available thru google) readings/Sally%20Merry%20et% 20al%20-%20Law%20from%20Below.pdf 3.) Nadim Houry (2014) Making Local Ceasefires Work in Syria Human Rights Watch December 15, 2014 4.) Chase, Anthony Tirado (2013) ‘Human rights from the bottom up: beyond the ideological export model’ 12 August 2013 (link ...) dings: 1.) Merry, Sally Engle (2006) Anthropology and International Law. Annual Review of Anthropology 35: 99-116. 2.) ABOUT SOCIAL MOVEMENT APPROACH!! Bosco, F. J. (2004) Human rights politics and scaled performances of memory: conflicts among the Madres de Plaza de Mayo in Argentina. Social & Cultural Geography 5(3), pp. 381-402. Jelin, Elizabeth (2007) Public Memorialization in Perspective: Truth, Justice and Memory of Past Repression in the Southern Cone of South America. The International Journal of Transitional Justice 1: 138-156. 3.) Merry S.E. (2003) Constructing a Global Law - Violence against Women and the Human Rights System. Law & Social Inquiry 28:941-977. 4.) State use of human rights for healing Humphrey, M. (2002) The Politics of Atrocity and Reconciliation: From terror to trauma. London: Routledge, 105-124. Wilson, Richard A. (2003) Anthropological Studies of national reconciliation processes. Anthropological Theory, 3(3): 367-387. 5.) Merry, Sally Engle (2003) Constructing a Global Law - Violence against Women and the Human Rights System. Law & Social Inquiry 28(4):941-977. Lecture notes of WEEK 1 to 5 are attached.