APA format when responding to each question. Each Comprehensive written exam answer should be formatted as follows: 1. Cover page or Title page. 2. Write the QUESTION number, centered, the actual question single spaced and in italics, left justified, and located 4 spaces below. 3. On the next page begin the response, double-spaced and with the first line indented 5 spaces. Each response (excluding references) should be within the ten to fifteen page range (no more no less). Please note that if the minimum page requirement of 10 pages is not met for each question, the question will not be graded. 4. Provide a separate reference page for the answer. Individual References should be single spaced and double spaced between references using the hanging indent. Question 3: Research The ability to read, understand, critique, and integrate research studies and to design a study to address a gap in the research literature is a vital tool for a doctoral student. As you write your dissertation on the need for corporate philanthropy expansion in the USA, you may be reading hundreds of studies, many of which you will evaluate as part of a coherent literature review. Select five empirical articles from peer-reviewed journals that: • you consider critical to your understanding of your area of dissertation research • all address a particular phenomenon and attempt to contribute to theory about it Part 1 1. Describe each study, including: • the research problem, questions, or hypotheses • the research purpose • type of design and elements of the design (e.g., sample, data analysis, operationalization of constructs) • threats to validity and if and how they were addressed • the findings and their implications 2. Critically evaluate each study: Does the author make a compelling case for the meaning and significance of the findings? Part 2 Write a literature review that explains what is known and not known about the phenomenon based on a critical evaluation of the five studies. Part 3 Develop a research question that addresses one of the unknowns you identified in Part 2 and sketch a quantitative or qualitative study that can answer the question about what is unknown and contribute to theory (in some sense of theory you discuss in Question 1). Address: • the research purpose • type of design and elements of the design (e.g., sample, the type of data you need to collect and how you will collect it, data analysis) • the strengths and weaknesses of your envisioned design and methods • quantitative: threats to validity and how your design will address them • quantitative: the constructs you will measure and what you will do in order to determine how to operationalize them (you need not identify specific measures) • qualitative: your means of ensuring the quality of your findings • justification for why your chosen design and methods are more appropriate for your research question than alternatives you have considered • your methods of data analysis • how the data you collect will enable you to answer your research question and contribute to theory Draw on the additional resources for this course for guidance in understanding the concepts (e.g., internal validity, threats to validity, and operationalization) needed to address this question. The structure of your paper should be as follows: Title page Body (11 pages, no more or less; APA Style; use appropriate headings for organization of the paper) References (APA Style) Learning Outcomes: 3. Apply relevant theory and research from the student's specialization coursework to real life situations where he or she solves specific problems and discusses implications. Question 4: Ethics As you know, scientific research must be conducted in accordance with ethical principles. The ethical principles of research are defined in: Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct Standard 8: Research and Publication http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx The National Academy Of Sciences, National Academy Of Engineering, and Institute Of Medicine Of The National Academies have a more detailed and comprehensive set of ethical guidelines for scientific research: Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (U.S.), National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), National Academy of Engineering., & Institute of Medicine (U.S.). (2009) On being a scientist: A guide to responsible conduct in research, (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C: National Academies Press. http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=***** Write a paper in which you discuss how you will ensure that all aspects of your doctoral research, from literature review to conducting research, to writing the dissertation manuscript will be done with care and integrity and will meet the ethical standards of scientific research. Reference the two publications above and at least five additional peer-reviewed articles. You must justify all the steps you will take to ensure the ethical integrity of your dissertation project and not simply describe standard practice. You must show that you have your own clear set of ethical principles and that you know how to apply them to your work. You must do more than just paraphrase ethical guidelines. You must explain specifically how you will apply published ethical guidelines and concepts to what you will do in your research (as you envision it at this point). Be sure to address the following: • Plagiarism • Risk assessment • Informed consent • Privacy and confidentiality • Data handling and reporting • Mistakes and negligence • Working with a Mentor • Northcentral University requirements for IRB approval Conclude your paper with your thoughts on the following statement: Ethical scientific researchers have a commitment to all who are touched by their research—participants who share their lives and time, mentors and advisors, reviewers, future readers, and supporters and cheerleaders on the journey—to take care and do their work well. The structure of your paper should be as follows: Title page Body (11 pages, no more or less; APA Style; use appropriate headings for organization of the paper) References (APA Style) Learning Outcomes: 4. Integrate knowledge of ethical practices with principles of professional practice as it applies to specific scenarios within the student's academic discipline and specialization.